Exam (elaborations)
PN 112 Unit 1 Ch 1,2,6 & 7.
PN 112 Unit 1 Ch 1,2,6 & 7.
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PN 112 Unit 1 Ch 1,2,6 & 7How are medications given through the enteral route? - correct answer-Given orally or
administered through nasogastric (NG tube) or gastrostomy (G tube) tubes
Absorbed by the oral mucosa, stomach, or small intestine
How are medications given through the parenteral route? - correct answer-Given through a
needle
How are medications given through the percutaneous route? - correct answer-Medications
are applied to the skin, either by topical application or application to mucous membranes
How can the nurse prevent medication errors? - correct answer-ALWAYS follow the "six
rights" and check the 3 "P"s before administering ANY medication
Check dosage calculations with a coworker
Listen to the patient who questions a drug or dosage and recheck the order, the drug, and
the patient before proceeding
Concentrate on the task at hand
Avoid distractions and interruptions
How do opioid analgesics work? - correct answer-Work by binding to opioid receptor sites in
the brain (CNS) and other areas and alter perception of pain (do nothing to change the
cause or transmission of pain)
How does the nurse administer a medication via the sublingual route? - correct answer-The
medication is placed under the tongue in the sublingual pocket
The patient should not eat or drink until the drug is completely dissolved
How does the nurse administer a medication via the transdermal route? - correct
answer-1.Obtain the transdermal patch, and read the manufacturer's guidelines. The
application site and frequency of changing differ according to medication.
2.Apply gloves before handling the patch to avoid absorbing any medication.
3.Label the patch with the date, time, and your initials.
4.Remove the previous medication or patch, and clean and dry the area.
5.If using a transdermal ointment, apply the ordered amount of medication in an even line
directly on the premeasured paper that accompanies the medication tube.
6.Press the patch or apply the medicated paper to clean, dry, and hairless skin.
7.Rotate the sites to prevent skin irritation
How does the nurse administer a vaginal medication? - correct answer-1.Instruct the patient
to assume a dorsal recumbent position with her knees bent and separated.
2.Apply gloves; open the suppository, and lubricate the rounded end of the suppository and
the gloved forefinger of your dominant hand with a water-soluble lubricant.
3.Expose the vaginal orifice by separating the labia with your non-dominant hand.
4.Insert the rounded end of the suppository about 8-10 cm along the posterior wall of the
vagina, or as far as it will pass.
, 5.If using a cream, jelly, or foam, gently insert the applicator 5 cm along the posterior vaginal
wall and slowly push the plunger until empty. Remove the applicator and place on a paper
towel.
6.Ask the patient to lower her legs and remain lying in the dorsal recumbent position for five
to ten minutes following insertion. Offer the patient a perineal pad.
How should NSAIDs be administered? - correct answer-Always give with food-give after
meals with full glass of water or milk
How should topical medications be applied to the skin? - correct answer-Apply topical drugs
in a smooth, thin layer, and cover the area
If a child is prescribed gabapentin (Neurontin) what side effect should parents/guardians be
aware of? - correct answer-Children taking gabapentin often demonstrate an increase in
aggressive behavior.
Know all medication abbreviations listed on slides 14 and 15 on chapter 2 PPT - correct
answer-Refer to slides 14 and 15 on chapter 2 PPT
Know conversions - correct answer-•1g=1000mg
•1mg=1000mcg
•1L=1000mL
•1mL=1 cc (not recommended to be interchangeable but will still be seen)
•5mL=1 Tsp
•15mL=1 Tbsp
•15 gtt=1 mL
•3 Tsp= 1 Tbsp
•30mL=1 oz
•1 oz=30 mL
•1mL=15gtt
•8oz= 1 cup
•240 mL= 8 oz
•1kg=1000 g
•1kg=2.2 lbs
•60mg=gr 1
Know Drug Schedules: based on abuse/addiction potential - correct answer-Classification of
drugs according to their potential for abuse
•Schedule I-V
•Highest (I) to lowest (V) potential for abuse
•Refer to slide 13 ch 7 PPT
Know the intramuscular (IM) injection sites ,what the maximum fluid volume is for each site,
and the landmarks for each site - correct answer-Deltoid site-maximum amount 1
mL-acronym process
Ventrogluteal site- maximum amount 3 mL-Anterior Superior Iliac spine and the greater
trochanter
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