Exam (elaborations)
PSYC 3251 Test 1.
Exam of 7 pages for the course Psych at Psych (PSYC 3251 Test 1.)
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PSYC 3251 Test 1Abolishing Operation - correct answer-A procedure that decreases the appetitiveness or
aversiveness of an event.
Acquisition - correct answer-the process of developing and strengthening a conditioned
response through repeated pairings of an NS with a US.
Appetitive Stimulus - correct answer-A stimulus that an organism will seek out.
Applied Behaviour Analysis - correct answer-Applying the basic principles of behaviour to
real-world issues.
Aristotle - correct answer-An empiricist philosopher who used naturalistic observations to
create theories, and formulated the laws of association.
Associative learning allows us to... - correct answer-Adapt, predict and prepare for important
events, and adjust our behaviour according to consequences.
Asymptote of Conditioning - correct answer-the maximum amount of conditioning for a
particular procedure, no new learning occurs.
Aversive Stimulus - correct answer-A stimulus that an organism will avoid.
Backward Conditioning - correct answer-a procedure in which the CS is presented shortly
after the US on each trial.
Bandura - correct answer-Developed the social-learning theory, supported subjective
experiences, and emphasized reciprocal determinism.
Behaviour Analysis - correct answer-Based off of radical behaviourism, follows the research
principles of operant conditioning.
Behaviourism - correct answer-The study of environmental influences on observable
behaviour.
Blocking - correct answer-The presence of an established CS interferes with conditioning of
a new CS.
Changing Criterion design - correct answer-The effect of the treatment is demonstrated by
how closely the behaviour matches a criterion that is systematically altered.
Classical Conditioning - correct answer-2 stimuli occur together regardless of the subjects'
behaviour.
, Cognitive map - correct answer-One's internal representation of the spatial layout of the
external world.
Compensatory-Response Model - correct answer-Conditioning in which a CS that has been
repeatedly associated with the primary response (a-process) to a US will eventually come to
elicit a compensatory response (b-process).
Conditional response - correct answer-Elicited by the conditioned stimulus, represents
learned behaviour.
Conditional stimulus - correct answer-Dependent on another stimulus, may evoke an
orienting response but not as strong.
Contingency - correct answer-A predictive relationship between two events such that the
occurrence of one event predicts the probable occurrence of the other.
Countercontrol - correct answer-Manipulation of environmental events to alter impact on
behaviour.
CR renewal - correct answer-if extinction procedures are performed in an environment
different from that used in acquisition, putting the animal back in the original environment
evokes the CR again.
Delayed Conditioning - correct answer-A procedure in which the conditioned stimulus
precedes the unconditioned stimulus and remains present until after the unconditioned
stimulus is presented so that the two stimuli occur together.
Descartes - correct answer-This philosopher was a nativist and believed in dualism (the
separation of mind and body), he also developed the reflex arc.
Descartes explanation of reflex arc - correct answer-A sensory event from outside world
enters the system and causes fluids to flow through hollow tubes to the brain and then to the
muscles to produce a response.
Dishabituation - correct answer-Recovery of a habituated response after a change in
stimulation.
Disinhibition - correct answer-the recovery of a response that had been inhibited due to
extinction.
Dual-Process Theory - correct answer-Assumes that different types of underlying neural
processes are responsible for increases and decreases in responsiveness to stimulation.
The behavioural outcome depends on which process is stronger
Edward Titchener - correct answer-Founded structuralism which relied heavily on
introspection.
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