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PUBH 120 Exam 1 Lecture Practice
PUBH 120 Exam 1 Lecture Practice
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PUBH 120 Exam 1 Lecture PracticeEpidemiology - ANS-the study of the distribution and determinants of health related
states and events in specified populations and the application of this study to control of
health problems
3 Pillars of Epidemiology - ANS-Person, Place, and Time
Descriptive Epidemiology - ANS-the study of distribution. Characterizing the distribution
or frequency of disease in a population by person, place, and timethe study of
distribution.
Analytic Epidemiology - ANS-the study of determinants. Investigate the relationship
between a potential determinant (ex. smoking) and an outcome (ex. cancer)
Primary Prevention - ANS-prevent the development of disease (ex. immunization)
Secondary Prevention - ANS-early identification of disease (ex. screening)
Tertiary Prevention - ANS-manage disease to slow or stop disease progression and/or
complications
core functions of public health - ANS-Analytic studies
Surveillance
Field Investigation
Evaluation
Policy Development
Miasma ('Effluvia') Theory - ANS-Poisonous vapors or atmospheres from swamps and
rotten, decaying matter and cause disease.
John Snow - ANS-Mapped the occurrence of cholera in London
Ignaz Semmelweis - ANS-advocated hand washing to prevent transmission of puerperal
fever from one OB patient to another
Joseph Goldberger - ANS-Discovered the cure for Pellagra. Associated with poor diet
not a germ.
, Public Health Surveillance - ANS-Ongoing, systematic collection, analysis,
interpretation, and dissemination of health data to help guide public health decision
making and action.
Analytic Studies - ANS-A more rigorous test of the finding that surveillance and field
investigations identify causes, modes of transmission, and appropriate control and
prevention measures.
valid comparison group - ANS-The hallmark of an analytic epidemiologic study
Critical component to analytic studies - ANS-Design
Conduct
Analysis
Interpretation
Evaluation - ANS-The process of determining, as systematically and objectively as
possible, the relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, and impact of activities with respect to
established goals.
Effectiveness - ANS-refers to the ability of a program to produce the intended or
expected results in the field; effectiveness differs from efficacy, which is the ability to
produce results under ideal conditions
Efficiency - ANS-refers to the ability of the program to produce the intended results with
a minimum expenditure of time and resources
Epidemiologic Transition - ANS-A characteristic shift in the disease pattern of a
population as mortality falls during the demographic transition: acute, infectious
diseases are reduced, while chronic, degenerative diseases increase in prominence,
causing a gradual shift in the age pattern of mortality from younger to older ages
The Health Transition - ANS-Demographic transition
Epidemiological transition
Epidemiologic Transition Theory Stages - ANS-1.The age of pestilence and famine
2.The age of receding pandemics
3.The age of chronic diseases
Case definition - ANS-A standard criteria for deciding whether or not a person has a
disease, syndrome, or health condition
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