Exam (elaborations)
USU COMD 5070 - Exam #3. Questions & answers
USU COMD 5070 - Exam #3. Questions & answers
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USU COMD 5070 - Exam #3Acoustic Nasometry - correct answer-• 2 mics, divider plate btwn
• upper records nasal acoustic signal, lower records oral acoustic signal
• display shows degree of nasalance
- relative amount of nasal energy to total energy
-determine whether w/in normal limits for nasalance
• useful in clinical assessment
• provides biofeedback signal during speech
-helps make clinical decisions about treatment, referring for prosthetic device to help w/
velopharyngeal closure or possible surgery
Aerodynamic Measures - correct answer-• measure nasal air flow
- should be low for vowels
- should be near zero for pressure consonants
- flow during oral consonants indicates leakage
• measure oral air pressure
- should be high for pressure consonants
• VP port resistance calculated from pressure and flow
Affective Prosody and Mother tongue Study - correct answer-• 142 listeners, 21 languages,
fluent in English (monoglots, polyglots, ESL)
• listened to English neutral and angry
-Women, across groups, better at id of emotion context -polyglot outperformed others,
monoglot not statistically better than ESL group
-Possibly learning language sensitizes to sounds
assessing speech motor function - correct answer-• clinical assessment involves targeted
speech tasks
• each reveals specific features
- sustained vowels
- rapid syllable repetition
- all‐voiced vs. many voiceless consonants
- nasal or non-nasal sentences
audio-visual integration - correct answer-• usually, what hear matches what see
• what about mismatched input? -McGurk effect
• most people hear differences
• visual input influences sound perception
benefits and drawbacks of simplicity - correct answer-• convenient to study speech
subsystems
• mistaken impression: modularity
• subsystems interact: mutual influences
• speakers and contexts differ
• flexibility in production and perception
, • challenging to explain how it all works
categorical perception - correct answer-• vary acoustics along continuum
• gradual change from start to end
• at one point, perceived sound abruptly changes
• discontinuous perception of continuum
• a category boundary has been crossed
• within-category change: head as same
• across-category change: heard as different
categories differ by language - correct answer-• English (& Spanish) has two VOT categories
-English p-b boundary around +25 ms VOT
-Spanish p-b boundary around -4 ms VOT
• voiced/voiceless dividing lines in different places
• non-native listener must get used to differences
• other languages have three categories (e.g. Thai)
Clinical Rate Manipulation - correct answer--reduce speech rate to improve intelligibility
(helpful in foreign lang too)
-Pacing Boards - client push finger up/down over slot to produce each syllable in isolation
-Alphabet Board -point to 1st letter of word, dramatic slow down
-metronome
Coarticulation - correct answer-•boundaries blurred, neighboring sounds affect prod
•each segment has 'specifications', may 'flavor' neighbor (e.g., lip rounding, velar lowering)
Coarticulation in 2 directions: - correct answer-•FORWARD/ANTICIPATORY
-earlier sound influenced by later ('spoon')
•BACKWARD/RETENTIVE
-later sound influenced by earlier ('no')
Coarticulation Timing - correct answer-•children learn to coarticulate w maturing of CNS &
practice
-Apraxia of speech, acquired by adult thru TBI or stroke, difficulty linking syllables, reduction
in coartic, speech no sound as natural
•How long does phoneme last?
-When consonant phoneme is produced on own, as in consonant with vowel, is LONGEST
in duration
-When combine into consonant cluster of 2 sounds, original sound decreased in duration
-if 3 sounds together, shortest, but not common
control vs. validity - correct answer-• research to measure vowel formants (eg. men vs.
women vs. children)
- measure vowels during connected speech
- controlled: 'I say hVd again'
• research to understand lip coordination
- 'buy Bobby a puppy'
- 'I see a sapapple again'
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