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VDV Chapter 1, VDV Chapter 2, VDV Chapter 3 Test Questions & answers with Complete solutions | Latest edition
VDV Chapter 1, VDV Chapter 2, VDV Chapter 3 Test
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VDV Chapter 1, VDV Chapter 2, VDVChapter 3 Test
Analog Signal - ANS-A method of signaling that uses properties of the transmission
medium to covey sound characteristics, such as using electrical properties to covey the
characteristics of voice.
North American Number Plan (NANP) - ANS-Country Code - Area Code -Central Office
Code - Station Code
Loop Start Signaling - ANS-A method of signaling that relies on connecting the tip and
ring wires connecting to a device to complete an electrical circuit; typically used in
devices connecting to the PSTN.
Ground Start Signaling - ANS-A method of signaling that relies on grounding wires
connecting to a device to signal a new call; typically used in PBX systems to avoid
glare.
Glare - ANS-An instance in which a user picks up a phone and connects unexpectedly
to an incoming call.
Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) - ANS-A method of transmitting multiple channels of
voice or data over a single digital connection by sending data in specific time slots.
Channel Associated Signaling (CAS) - ANS-A method of digital signaling in which
signaling information is transmitted using the same bandwidth as the voice.
Common Channel Signaling (CCS) - ANS-A method of signaling in which information is
transmitted using a separate, dedicated signaling channel.
Robbed Bit Signaling (RBS) - ANS-An implementation of channel associated signalling
(CAS) that steals the eighth bit of every sixth frame of a digital T1 circuit for signaling
information.
Q.931 - ANS-A signaling protocol used by ISDN CCS implementations.
Local Loop - ANS-The PSTN link between the customer premises (such as a home or
business) and the telecommunications service provider.
, Private Branch Exchange (PBX) - ANS-A system that allows a company to run an
internal, private voice network; PBX systems are usually used in larger companies and
provide unique extensions to all devices.
Key System - ANS-A system that allows a company to run a private, internal voice
network; key systems are usually used in smaller companies and provide shared-line
extensions to all devices, although many key systems now provide unique extensions to
all devices.
Signaling System 7 (SS7) - ANS-The protocol used within the telephony service
provider network to provide inter-CO communication and call routing.
E.164 - ANS-An international numbering plan created by the ITU and adopted for use
on the PSTN.
Quantization - ANS-The process of assigning analog signals a numeric value that can
be transported over a digital network.
Nyquist Theorem - ANS-Describes the method of converting analog audio signals into
digital format by sampling at twice the highest frequency of the audio.
Mean Opinion Score (MOS) - ANS-A subjective method of determining voice quality;
listeners hear a phrase read over a voice network and rate the quality of the audio on a
scale of 1 to 5.
G.711 - ANS-Uncompressed audio codec consuming 64 kbps of bandwidth.
G.726 - ANS-Compressed audio codec consuming 32 kbps of bandwidth.
G.728 - ANS-Compressed audio codec consuming 16 kbps of bandwidth.
G.729 - ANS-Compressed codec consuming 6 kbps of bandwidth.
Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) - ANS-The UDP-based protocol responsible for
transporting audio packets; uses random, even-number UDP ports from 16,384 to
32,767 for communication.
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