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DIT 121 Ch 1-4 (Exam 1) Questions & answers
DIT 121 Ch 1-4 (Exam 1) Questions & answers
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DIT 121 Ch 1-4 (Exam 1)Name the six classes of nutrients and their major functions - ANS-1. carbs (provides
energy)
2. protein (helps restore muscle fibers and regulate digestion and energy metabolism)
3. lipids/fats (highest caloric value of energy)
4. water (carries several minerals and transports vital materials to cells & carries waste
away from cells)
5. vitamins (facilitate the release of energy from carbs, fat and protein)
6. minerals (found in teeth and bone and in fluids in the body)
What is an essential nutrient? - ANS-nutrient obtained from outside the body (from food)
because the body can't make it for itself
Why is alcohol not considered a nutrient? - ANS-empty kcals; doe snot provide
beneficial nutrients
Calculate carb/protein/fat from food - ANS-Multiply number of grams by 4/4/9 kcal/g
then add results together for food total
What does DV represent? - ANS-daily value
What does DRI represent? - ANS-dietary reference intake: standards that represent
amounts of energy, nutrients, and other dietary components & physical activity that best
support health
What does AI represent? - ANS-adequate intakes: average amount of a nutrient that a
group of healthy people consumes
What does RDA represent? - ANS-recommended dietary allowances: recommended
intake for everybody
What does UL represent? - ANS-tolerable upper intake levels: the point at which too
much nutrient intake can become toxic
What food groups do the "ChooseMyPlate" represent? - ANS-Four sections on a plate
with fruits, veggies, grains and protein with each section varying in size
, How many servings of whole grains are recommended each day? - ANS-3-6oz or at
least half
Trace the major steps of digestion - ANS-stomach > esophagus > stomach > small
intestine > large intestine > rectum
Major fxns of digestion - ANS-1. Mouth - during chewing, teeth crush large pieces of
food into small pieces. Saliva contains carbohydrase that starts to break down food.
Food that is chewed and swallowed is called a bolus.
2. Stomach - retains bolus while in its upper portion. Stomach slowly transfers pieces to
its lower portion adding juices to it adn grinding it to a semiliquid mass called chyme.
Small amounts of chyme get released into small intestine.
3. Small intestine - where most nutrient absorption takes place
4. Large intestine - withdraws water from chyme for easier excretion
Where is the major site of nutrient digestion/absorption? - ANS-small intestine
Which digestive enzyme breaks down carbohydrates? - ANS-carbohydrase
Which digestive enzyme breaks down proteins? - ANS-protease
Which digestive enzyme breaks down lipids? - ANS-lipase
What is the chemical structure of monosaccharides? - ANS-C6 H12 O6; typically form a
single ring; "hexoses" - sugars with six C
What is the chemical structure of disaccharides? - ANS-pairs of monosaccharides
linked together
What are three monosaccharides? - ANS-glucose, fructose, galactose
What are three disaccharides? - ANS-maltose (glucose + glucose)
sucrose (glucose + fructose)
lactose (glucose + galactose)
What is the chemical structure of polysaccharides? - ANS-composed of many
monosaccharides linked together
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