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BIO 1108 - Chapter 34 Fungi (Unit 2) Questions & answers
BIO 1108 - Chapter 34 Fungi (Unit 2) Questions & answers
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BIO 1108 - Chapter 34: Fungi (Unit 2)Core Concept 1: - ANS-Fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotes that feed by absorption.
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms:
--> How do they differ from plants?
--> How do they differ from animals? - ANS-They differ from plants by:
a. lacking plastids (hence they are heterotrophic)
b. storing E in glycogen rather than starch
c. their cell wall is composed of chitin (N-glucose)
They differ from animals by:
their inability to capture prey or solid food particles by phagocytosis
Most fungi are multicellular organisms composed of long filaments (hyphae) that are
only 1 cell thick. - ANS-
Fungi are ________________ heterotrophs: - ANS-absorptive
Saprophytes - - ANS-decomposers = feeding off dead organisms
Parasite - - ANS-feed off living organisms
(Parasites use the nutrients and materials of other living organisms and they wear them
down, but they don't kill them! They are NOT considered predators)
Mutualistic - - ANS-associate w/living autotrophic organisms, but not lethal
- either algae, cyanobacteria or plants!
*Note: fungi + animals are MORE closely related than either is to plants
mycology = - ANS-the study of fungi
Mycelium - - ANS-entire mass of hyphae making up the body of a fungus
, hypha - - ANS-single individual filament of fungus cells
- hyphae are well-suited for absorption + mass flow
- nutrient uptake draws water (osmosis) --> mass flow through connected cytoplasms
(and turgor, needed for growth)
Core Concept 2: - ANS-Fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually, and disperse by
spores.
Spore dispersal method varies: - ANS-- sexual reproduction is common but not
universal
- patchy habitat = dispersal is required
- largely terrestrial but some have flagellate stages!
Fruiting bodies - - ANS-are the structures we call mushrooms or mold
- come in lots of shapes and colors
Mating types vary in fungi: - ANS-- No sexes per se
- the mating type of an individual is determined by a mating-type gene
--> Homothallic (selfing)
--> Heterothallic (outcrossing)
- fungi species can differ in # of mating-type alleles
Life Cycle of Fungi: - ANS-- Haploid, dikaryotic, + diploid stages
- Dikaryotic: cells w/ 2 (di) nuclei (karyon)!
- The dikaryotic cells exist during the 'heterotrophic' phase
Role of Fungi: - ANS-a.) main decomposers of the planet
b.) fungi as food
c.) fungi as producers of medicines: antibiotics
(Think: FDM)
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