Exam (elaborations)
SAFETY FINAL
Exam of 12 pages for the course tests at tests (SAFETY FINAL)
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SAFETY FINALFrom our discussion of the history of Human Factors, the discipline of "Scientific
Management" was invented by: - ANS-Frederick Taylor
In our first discussion about human factors, we considered the relationship between the
Hierarchy of Human Error and the Multilinear Event Sequence approach to accidents.
The pilot is most directly involved in the Multi-Linear accident sequence at: - ANS-the
proximate event
The World's worst airline accident was almost completely the result of a series of human
errors. This was: - ANS-the runway collision between 2 B747s at Tenerife in 1977
From the research being carried out at the Western Electric Company in the 1920's,
which of the following theories determined that human beings change their behavior if
they believe they are being observed: - ANS-the "Hawthorne Effect"
From our initial discussions of human factors, which of the following accidents prompted
United Airlines to develop the first Cockpit Resource Management programs? -
ANS-United 173, DC-8, Portland, OR in 1978
From our initial discussions, what phase of flight do most aircraft accidents happen in? -
ANS-approach and landing
In what "era" did the first attempts at understanding human performance and efficiency
in a workplace setting begin? - ANS-the Industrial Revolution
The "Accident Profile" for general aviation pilots showed that the most common type of
person to have an accident was a 35-year old male with a private certificate and
100-500 hours. This was developed by: - ANS-the aviation insurance industry
Why did JFK Jr. crash the Piper Saratoga he was flying in 1999, killing everyone
aboard? - ANS-the hazy conditions offshore just after sunset disoriented him resulting in
a spiral to the surface
The SHEL(L) model of human factors was originally developed by Edwards, and
modified and adapted into its current form by: - ANS-Frank Hawkins
, From our initial discussions, . . . is concerned with human dimensions, measurements,
and demographic ranges throughout the human population. - ANS-Anthropometry
The "Cambridge Cockpit" was created by the British during World War 2 to conduct
research on the pilot-control interfaces using a real cockpit taken from: - ANS-a
Supermarine Spitfire
The "Swiss Cheese" model of human factors shows how "holes" line up in each of the
"barriers" to human errors as they progress through the causal sequence. If the errors
go through all of the barriers: - ANS-An Accident Occurs
In examining the 'input' part of the aviation "Decision-making" model, we find that in
humans most of the external sensory information comes to us through the. . . channel: -
ANS-visual
The psychological process of. .. . is that whereby we anticipate an event or occurrence,
making us much more likely to detect or solve it: - ANS-expectancy
In considering the PSA B727 (Flt 182)midair collision with the Cessna 172 at San Diego
in 1978, why did the crew of the 727 stop looking for the reported traffic? - ANS-They
thought they saw it and there was really a second one still in front of them that they hit
How were the investigators of Air France 447, the A330 that disappeared on a flight
from Rio to Paris in 2009, able to figure out that the crash was caused ultimately by a
failure in airmanship rather than something more technical? - ANS-the French
government was able to recover the flight recorders and the CVR & DFDR told the story.
The average retention capacity for Short-Term Memory in humans is about: - ANS-7 - 9
digits for 20 seconds
The most significant common factor in all the ways the "Induced by Design" class of
human error causes people to make mistakes is: - ANS-non-standardization
Considering the first class of human error, in the case accidents involving the Boeing
727 approach/landing accidents in 1965, what did the NTSB ultimately conclude the
problem was? - ANS--the Captains flying each at the time of accident had few hours in it
& inadequate transition time into the aircraft from the older aircraft they had a lot of
experience in
-there was nothing inherently wrong with the B727, just the senior pilots unfamiliarity
with it.
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