Exam (elaborations)
Unit One Questions and answers
Unit One Questions and answers
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Unit 1Role of the vet tech
using analyzers, making smears, pcv, reticulocyte counts, maintaining equipment,
obtain/handle samples
Factors that can affect the sample
too much alcohol, the way the sample is obtained and handled, how the pt is acting
hazard control
-engineering control (changing work environment for safety)
-administrative control (create protocals)
-procedure control (for our safety level)
-PPE (gloves, gowns, etc. to protect us from the hazard)
any chemical will have a secondary label explaining what
the hazards they pose to us
OSHA standards
-container labeling
-bloodborne pathogens
-PPE
-biosafety
2 categories of shipping hazards materials
cat A: can cause permanent disease
cat B: infectious agents that are not life threatening, like most diagnostic samples
Zyline
-cleans off oil from slides
-located in the fume hood
-carcinogenic/flammable
-do not put down the sink
list of some general lab equipment
-test tubes
-centrifuge
-refractometer
-pipettes
-slide holders
-aliquot ("rockers")
types of test tubes
microhematocrit, purple top, red top, etc.
types of centrifuges
fixed arm (at 52 degree angle), swing arm, microhematocrit
what does the refractomer do
measures the gravity of urine or the total solids of serum/plasma
aka total solids meter
if there is 1mL of urine and 1mL of distilled water, what is the dilution ratio
1:2
,if there is 1mL of urine and 9mL of distilled water, what is the dilution ratio
1:10
definition of accuracy
how closely the results agree with the true value of the sample
definition of precision
the reproducibility of measurements; could you get close to the same result each
time?
definition of reliability
ability of a method to be accurate and precise
what is the analysis of controlled materials
means the results indicate that the procedure performed correctly and the machines
are functioning properly
types of errors
pre analytic, analytic, and post analytic
types of pre analytic errors
-biologic: breed, age, gender, are they fasted
-nonbiologic: human error, incorrect label, shipping delay, wrong patient, sample
collection
types of analytic errors
improperly maintained equipment
types of post analytic errors
loss of results
types of internal laboratory records
SOP (standard operating procedure), quality control data, graphs, instructions on
how to run the analysis
types of external laboratory records
lab sample forms, report forms, log books
things to know ahead of time prior to sample collection
-what test is being run
-how much is needed
-are there any apparent diseases
-patients behavior
plasma
still has clotting proteins, placed into tube with anticoagulant
serum
does not have clotting proteins, placed into a tube without an anticoagulant
whole blood is placed into what tube
anticoagulant tube (purple top)
different anticoagulants
heparin, EDTA, oxalates, citrate, sodium floride
heparin
-good for plasma needed tests
-not well for blood smears
-in a green top
, EDTA
-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
-can be used for blood smears
-in a purple top
oxalates
-removes the calcium
-not very common, only used in certain tests
-can effect potassium & liver enzymes
-in a dark gray top
citrate
-interferes with sodium and chemistry tests
-prevents clotting forming a complex with calcium
-in a blue top
sodium fluoride
-best for glucose preservation
-in a light gray top
anticoagulent tube
-used for chemistry analysis
-in a red top, "tigers eye" top, or yellow top
how to know how much sample is needed
know the test and how much serum/plasma is needed
what does a CBC look at
white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets
CBC
complete blood count
Q.B.C.S analyzer
quantitative buffy coat systems analyzer - used to count WBCs and platelets
hematology
study of blood and blood forming organs
why are hemoatologic testings done
it is a great diagnostic tool
function of blood
-transports nutrients
-carries O2
-waste products
-hormones to their target cells
-regulates body temperature
-protects against bacteria and viruses
-maintaining water/electrolyte levels
-clotting
blood composition
plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
erythrocytes
red blood cells
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