Exam (elaborations)
NUR 4710 Gerontology Exam 1 Questions and answers 2024
NUR 4710 Gerontology Exam 1 Questions and answers 2024
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NUR 4710 Gerontology Exam 11. The nurse explains that in the late 1960s, health care focus was
aimed at the older adult because:
a. disability was viewed as unavoidable
b. complications from disease increased mortality
✅✅
c. older adults are similar to those of all adults
d. preventive health care practices increased longevity - -d.
increased preventive health care practices, disease control, & focus on
wellness helped people live longer
10. In the 1980s, Medicare initiated a program of diagnosis-related
groups (DRGs) to reduce hospital costs by:
a. classifying various diagnoses as ineligible for hospitalization
b. allotting a set amount of hospital days and prospective payment on
the basis of the admitting diagnosis
c. specifying particular physicians to treat specified diagnoses
✅✅
d. using frequency of a particular diagnosis to set a payment schedule -
-b. DRGs set up a system of preset hospitalization time and
payment on the basis of the admitting diagnosis
100. When the 70-year-old postmenopausal woman asks whether her
hormone replacement therapy (HRT) will prevent bone loss, the nurses
most helpful response is:
a. No. HRT is not helpful after the age of 60.
b. Yes. HRT will prevent bone loss but can cause a stroke, heart attack,
or breast cancer.
c. No. HRT is reliant on some natural estrogen production from the
ovaries.
✅✅
d. Yes. HRT is a widely accepted therapy for prevention of bone loss. -
-b. HRT is helpful to prevent bone loss, but the risks of
cardiovascular complications and cancer have made the choice of HRT
controversial.
,101. An 80-year-old-woman who has osteoarthritis complains of how
ugly her hands have become since she has developed Heberden nodes,
which are:
a. yellow longitudinal lines in the nails.
b. thickened discolored fingernails.
✅✅
c. darkened areas under the fingernail.
d. bony enlargements of distal joints of the fingers. - -d. Heberden
nodes are bony enlargements of the distal joints of the fingers
associated with osteoarthritis.
102. The nurse modifies the nursing care plan for a 62-year-old woman
in an extended-care facility who is suffering a flare in her rheumatoid
arthritis to include interventions to:
a. increase fluid intake.
b. schedule several rest periods to balance activity.
✅✅
c. reduce salt in the diet.
d. assist with rigorous finger extension exercises. - -b. Balancing
rest and activity allows the resident to remain relatively flexible. Joints
may be splinted to reduce contracture.
103. The nurse explains that emphysema is a chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease characterized by the pathophysiology of:
a. constriction of the bronchial tree, excessive mucus, and nonproductive
cough.
b. calcification of the alveoli and a dry cough.
c. overinflation of the alveoli, making them ineffective for gas exchange.
✅✅
d. inflammation of the trachea and bronchioles, excessive mucus, and
productive cough. - -c. Emphysema causes overinflation of the
nonelastic alveoli, which disallows gas exchange in the affected alveoli
and results in reduced oxygenation.
104. The nurse explains that the pathophysiology of a myocardial infarct
is that:
,a. a portion of the myocardium necroses and scars over.
b. the coronary vessels are narrowed during the attack.
c. the ischemic myocardium causes pain during the attack but is able to
regenerate.
✅✅
d. there is damage to the myocardium but no serious alteration of
cardiac output. - -a. The myocardium necroses and scars and does
not regenerate. The degree of heart damage is related to the amount of
necrosis.
105. The nurse is aware that the cardinal signs and symptoms of
congestive heart failure are:
a. dyspnea and edema.
b. myocardial pain and hypotension.
✅✅
c. ventricular arrhythmias and cyanosis.
d. atrial arrhythmias and polycythemia. - -a. Dyspnea and
generalized edema are the cardinal signs and symptoms of congestive
heart failure.
106. The nurse explains that pernicious anemia is caused by:
a. an iron deficiency.
b. a deficiency of vitamin B12.
✅✅
c. inadequate nutrition.
d. blood loss. - -b. Pernicious anemia results from a deficiency of
vitamin B12.
107. The nurse alters the nursing care plan for a patient with a hiatal
hernia and resultant gastrointestinal reflux to include interventions for:
a. encouraging the patient to lie down after meals.
b. drinking two full glasses of liquid after the evening meal.
✅✅
c. eating smaller, more frequent meals.
d. using caffeine drinks to assist with digestion. - -c. Eating smaller
and more frequent meals does not enlarge the stomach.
, 108. The nurse suspects that the pale, edematous, listless diabetic
patient who has a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 35 mg/dL and a
creatinine level of 4 mg/dL has:
a. diverticulitis.
b. congestive heart failure.
✅✅
c. chronic renal failure.
d. benign prostatic hypertrophy. - -c. The increased BUN and
creatinine levels indicate renal failure.
109. The most appropriate intervention added to the nursing care plan
for a person with Parkinson disease with a nursing diagnosis of Nutrition,
less than body requirements related to difficulty swallowing, would be to:
a. feed the patient at each meal.
b. place the patient in a semi-Fowler position for mealtime.
c. offer a thick, high-nutrition shake as a snack.
✅✅
d. encourage the patient to drink a sip of water after each bite of solid
food. - -c. Thick shakes are easier to swallow without aspiration
and will also improve nutrition.
11. When discussing extended care with a patient who has had a hip
replacement and needs physical therapy, the nurse would recommend
a(n):
a. basic care facility
b. skilled care facility
✅✅
c. subacute care facility
d. assisted-living facility - -b. Skilled care facilities offer not only
basic care but also services from trained license professionals such as
nurses, physical therapists, speech therapists, and occupational
therapists
110. The nurse would anticipate that a person with a hemorrhagic CVA
to the left hemisphere would exhibit:
a. language disturbances.
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