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Exam 4 all Questions & answers solved 100% accurately with Complete Solution Graded A+ latest version

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  • July 5, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
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Exam 4
Food web- ✅ A summery of some or all of the consumption interactions in
a community

Keystone species- ✅ A species that has a greater impact on the
distribution

Bottom-up effect-✅ When a species on the lowest end of the food web
have a major effect on community structure

Top-down effect-✅ When a species on the highest end of the food web
have a major effect community structure

Trophic cascade- ✅ When changes in top-down control cause conspicuous
effects two or three links away in a food web

Attributes of community structure-✅ The total number of species
The relative abundance and distribution of those species
The sum of interactions among all species
The physical attributes of the community which may include abiotic factors
(such as water depth or altitude gradient) and biotic factors (such as the
physical structure provided by corals in a coral reef or trees in a forest)

Methods for quantifying the number of species in a community - ✅ Species
richness and species diversity

Coevolutionary arms race - ✅ A repeating cycle of reciprocal adaptation
Constitutive defenses-✅Defenses that protect an individual that exist in
the absence of consumers

Inducible defenses- ✅Defenses that protect an individual that is triggered
in response to consumers

, Commensalism - ✅ +/0
✅ -/-
Competition -

Consumption -✅ +/-

Mutualism -✅ +/+

Fundamental niche-✅ Is the total theoretical range of environmental
conditions that a species can tolerate

Realized niche- ✅ Is the portion of the fundamental niche that a species
actually occupies, given limiting factors such as competition with other
species


Niche differentiation - An evolutionary change in resource use caused by
competition over generation

Character displacement - ✅ The evolutionary change that occurs in
species traits and enables species to exploit different resources (makes
niche differentiation impossible)


Genetic diversity - The total genetic information contained within all
individuals of a population, species, or group of species. Measured in the
number of relative frequencies of all genes (and their alleles) in a present
sample

Phylogenetic diversity -✅ Species that give a community evolutionary
distinctiveness because they phylogenetically distant from other species

Endemic species - ✅ Species that are found in a particular area and
nowhere else

Species diversity-✅The weighted measure that incorporates both species
richness and evenness

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