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IGCSE CIE Thermal Physics Already Graded A+
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  • IGCSE CIE Thermal Physics Already Graded A+

IGCSE CIE Thermal Physics Already Graded A+ 1. Solid - Solids have a fixed shape and volume. - Molecules are strongly attracted to each other. - They have a fixed pattern in a lattice structure. - Molecules vibrate around fixed positions. 2. Liquid - Liquids have a fixed volume but take the sha...

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  • July 9, 2024
  • 11
  • 2023/2024
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  • igcse cie thermal physics already graded a

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  • IGCSE CIE Thermal Physics Already Graded A+
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IGCSE CIE Thermal Physics Already Graded A+
1. Solid



- Solids have a fixed shape and volume.



- Molecules are strongly attracted to each other.



- They have a fixed pattern in a lattice structure.



- Molecules vibrate around fixed positions.




2. Liquid



- Liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container.



- Forces of attraction between molecules are weaker than in solids.



- There is no fixed pattern as molecules can slide past each other.



- Molecules move by sliding past one another.




3. Gas

, - Gases have neither a fixed shape nor volume.



- There are very weak intermolecular forces.



- Molecules spread to fill the container they are in.



- Molecules move freely and collide with each other and the container walls.




4. Heating Material



- When materials are heated, molecules gain kinetic energy, causing them to move faster.



- This increased internal energy leads to expansion of the material.




5. Brownian Motion



- Brownian motion refers to the random movement of tiny particles visible under a microscope.



- It occurs due to collisions between particles like smoke and air molecules, causing random directional


changes.

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