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IGCSE PHYSICS 2025

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IGCSE PHYSICS 2025 1. Speed - Definition: Distance an object travels in a given time (m/s or km/s). - Characteristic: Speed is a scalar quantity, indicating only magnitude. 2. Velocity - Definition: Speed in a specific direction (displacement / time). - Characteristic: Velocity is a vector quan...

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  • July 9, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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IGCSE PHYSICS 2025
1. Speed



- Definition: Distance an object travels in a given time (m/s or km/s).



- Characteristic: Speed is a scalar quantity, indicating only magnitude.




2. Velocity



- Definition: Speed in a specific direction (displacement / time).



- Characteristic: Velocity is a vector quantity, encompassing both speed and direction.




3. Acceleration



- Definition: Rate of change of velocity (m/s²) (change in velocity / time).




4. Distance-Time Graphs



- Speed Interpretation: Gradient represents speed.

, - Velocity Changes: Curved lines indicate changing velocity (acceleration or deceleration).




5. Speed-Time Graphs



- Acceleration Interpretation: Gradient indicates acceleration.



- Distance Measurement: Area under the line represents distance.



- Constant Speed: Horizontal line indicates constant speed (though velocity can still change).




6. Acceleration Due to Gravity



- Description: Objects in free fall near Earth experience a constant acceleration (9.8 m/s²) due to


gravity.



- Air Resistance: Slows down objects.



- Terminal Velocity: Reached when gravitational force equals air resistance (no net force acting).




7. Mass and Weight

, - Mass: Measure of the amount of matter in an object, with all masses exhibiting inertia.



- Weight: Gravitational force acting on mass.




8. Density




9. Forces



- Effects: Can change the shape and accelerate an object.




10. Effect of Forces on a Spring (Changing Shape)



- Experimental Procedure: Steps to measure and plot spring extension against force.



- Graph Annotation: Shows direct proportionality of extension to force until the limit of


proportionality is reached.




11. Hooke's Law

, - Statement: Extension of a spring is directly proportional to the applied force, within the limit of


proportionality.



- Formula: F = kx (force = spring constant × extension).




12. Force, Mass, and Acceleration




13. Centripetal Force



- Definition: Force that directs an object into circular motion, acting perpendicular to the direction of


travel toward the center of the orbit.



- Characteristic: Does not perform work as it does not move in the direction of force application.



- Acceleration: Constantly changes in direction.




CF INCREASES IF:

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