Exam (elaborations)
PSY 285 EXAM 4 (1).
Exam of 6 pages for the course IAAP CPACC - Domain 2 - Accessibility and Universa at IAAP CPACC - Domain 2 - Accessibility and Universa (PSY 285 EXAM 4 (1).)
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PSY 285 EXAM 4The first '2' represents: - ANS-the first factor or independent variable
the second '2' refers to the - ANS-second factor or independent variable
What is unique and important about the factorial design is - ANS-that you need to meet the
requirement that 'all possible combinations of the levels of the independent variables' must be
present in the design in order for it to be called a complete factorial design
It is simple to determine the number of treatment combinations for this requirement. - ANS-You
multiply 2x2 giving you four treatment combinations
Assume that our dependent measure is driving performance. We have four treatment
combinations or cells in our design. - ANS-These combinations are: no alcohol-low speed, no
alcohol-high speed, alcohol-low speed, and alcohol-high speed.
In the simplest experimental design, there are only two levels of the independent variable.
However.. - ANS-A researcher might want to design an experiment with three or more levels for
several reasons.
1.A design with only two levels of one independent variable cannot provide very much info
about the exact form of the relationship between the indep. and dep. variables.
2. An experimental design with only two levels of the independent variable cannot detect
curvilinear relationships between variables.
3. Researchers frequently are interested in comparing more than two groups.
Factorial Designs - ANS-are designs with more than one independent variable
The main effect - ANS-Information about the effect of each independent variable taken by itself
Interaction - ANS-If there is an interaction between two independent variables, the effect of one
independent variable depends on the particular level of the other variable.
IV X PV - ANS-One common type of factorial design includes
both experimental and nonexperimental variables. These allow researchers to investigate how
different types of individuals respond to the same manipulated variable.
When analyzing the results, researchers deal with several possiblities in 2x2 factorial design. -
ANS-1. There may or may not be a significant main effect for independent variable.
2. There may or may not be a main effect for independent variable.
3. There may or may not be a significant interaction between the independent variables.
, Simple Main effects - ANS-A simple main effect analysis examines mean differences at each
level of the independent variable.
Mixed Factorial Design - ANS-The design can be completely independent groups, completely
repeated measures or a mixed factorial design. A combination of the two.
Independent Groups Between Subjects Design - ANS-A Different group of participants will be
assigned to each of the four conditions.
Repeated Measures Within Subjects Design - ANS-The same individuals will participate in ALL
conditions
Participants were asked to read two poems that were written by a male or female author. They
were told that one of the authors was a student majoring in English and the other an English
professor. The participants rated the poem written by the professor as being of higher quality
than the poem written by the student. This indicates: - ANS-a main effect of authorship.
An investigator wants to test the effectiveness of visualization on sports performance. She
randomly assigns participants to two groups. Participants in the visualization group imagine
themselves swinging a golf club perfectly for 20 minutes prior to a session on the driving range.
Participants in the control group read Golf magazine for 20 minutes prior to a session on the
driving range. All participants do this procedure each day for five days. The dependent
measure, the average flight distance of the ball, is calculated for each participant after each
session. This is an example of a _____ design. - ANS-2 x 5 mixed factorial
A researcher designs an experiment by manipulating room temperature (cold, warm, or hot);
noise level (quiet or loud); and room color (pink, blue, or black). Identify the possible number of
main effects. - ANS-3
Which of the following is least likely to be true of a 2 x 2 factorial design? - ANS-There is always
a significant interaction between the independent variables.
An educational researcher examines the effect of speaker credibility on attitude change in
university and community college students. The PV in this design is the: - ANS-type of student
In a study with a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design, it can be inferred that there are: - ANS-four
variables, each with two levels.
Raymond has designed a study to examine sexual arousal to erotic or non-erotic movies in
male and female college students. A simple main effect of the type of movie would analyze
whether arousal level is different for: - ANS-movies when the viewer is a male and when the
viewer is a female.
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