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B260 Exam 2 questions with correct answers graded A+
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B260 Exam 2 questions with correct answers graded A+
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B260 Exam 23 types of extracellular fluid - correct answer ✔✔intravascular (blood plasma), interstitial (spaces between cells and lymph), transcellular (CSF)
best indicator of overall fluid loss or gain - correct answer ✔✔daily weights
normal serum osmolarity - correct answer ✔✔280-295
extracellular fluid volume deficit - correct answer ✔✔concentration of solute is too great or the water content is too little
extracellular fluid volume excess - correct answer ✔✔too little solute or too much water for the amount of solute
hypovolemia causes - correct answer ✔✔diarrhea, vomiting, hemorrhage, polyuria, inadequate fluid intake
hypovolemia: urine specific gravity findings and BUN - correct answer ✔✔increased; urine is more concentrated, heavier
hypovolemia: blood pressure and HR findings - correct answer ✔✔decreased BP; not as much fluid to have resistance
increased HR to compensate for decreased BP
hypovolemia assessment findings - correct answer ✔✔Weight loss of 2 lb in 24 hr, increased HR, decreased BP , poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, confusion, weakness, seizures, coma and decreased urine output hypervolemia causes - correct answer ✔✔excess fluid intake, abnormal retention of fluids (heart/renal failure), shift of fluid from interstitial fluid into plasma
hypervolemia: urine specific gravity and BUN - correct answer ✔✔decreased urine specific gravity (urine is lighter, less solutes), decreased BUN
hypervolemia assessment findings - correct answer ✔✔-Increased weight gain
-HTN
-Tachycardia
-bounding pulse
-Peripheral Edema
-Pulmonary Edema
-Jugular vein distention
-Crackles
-Clammy skin
IV therapy purposes - correct answer ✔✔1. Maintaining or providing daily body fluid and electrolytes because of inability to ingest fluids and nutrients by mouth
2. Replacing abnormal or excessive loss of fluids and electrolytes
isotonic solution - correct answer ✔✔same solute conc. as serum; given to replace VOLUME from fluid loss, treatment of hypotension
hypertonic solution - correct answer ✔✔higher solute conc. than solution; fluid is pulled form interstitial compartment into blood vessels; cells SHRINK; given to reduce edema and urine output, stabilize BP
hypotonic solution - correct answer ✔✔solute conc. is less than serum; fluid move from bloodstream to interstitial compartments (cells SWELL); used for hyperglycemia conditions
phlebitis - correct answer ✔✔tender and redness at tip of catheter along the vein. puffy and hard over the vein (palpable cord) thrombophlebitis - correct answer ✔✔severe discomfort, red and swollen vein. injury to vein wall and area for thrombi to form; blood clot formed at the tip of the catheter
occlusion - correct answer ✔✔not flushed properly - clot, bending arm
infiltration - correct answer ✔✔IV fluid infusing into tissue; dislodged from vein or perforated vein. Swelling at and above site. Skin swollen and cool, dressing may be wet due to fluid leaking out. Typically won't cause tissue damage.
extravasation - correct answer ✔✔MEDICATION infusing into tissue; can cause tissue damage
Cool, pale, swollen tissue
hematoma - correct answer ✔✔possibly caused by vein being punctured through opposite side of wall. Blood leaking into tissue.
risk management and quality assurance (define and steps involved) - correct answer ✔✔A system of ensuring appropriate nursing care that attempts to identify potential hazards and eliminate them before harm occurs
STEPS:
1. identify possible risks
2. analyze risks
3. act to reduce risks
4. evaluate steps taken
The Joint Commission - correct answer ✔✔main focus for healthcare delivery is on quality and safety of patient care
patient safety - correct answer ✔✔prevention of healthcare errors, and the elimination or mitigation of patient injury caused by healthcare errors
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