Exam (elaborations)
AAMC FL 2 BB (1)
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- Millwright. Bearings
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- Millwright. Bearings
Exam of 16 pages for the course Millwright. Bearings at Millwright. Bearings (AAMC FL 2 BB (1))
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AAMC FL 2 BBThe information in the passage suggests that in mice CRY1 most likely affects XPA
by:
A.activating XPA protein activity.
B.activating translation of XPA-encoding transcripts.
C.repressing replication of the XPA-encoding gene.
D.repressing transcription of the XPA-encoding gene.
passage: the nucleotide excision repair system (NER) recognizes, removes, and
replaces segments of DNA strands that contain CPDs and (6-4) PPs. Figure 1 shows
how mouse skin levels of XPA (a damage-recognition and rate-limiting factor in NER)
and clock regulatory protein CRY1 - CORRECT ANSWER-D. the graph shows that
while CRY1 is up, XPA levels are down. so it is going to depress the activity. XPA is
said to be a damage-recognition and rate limiting factor in NER, therefore you can
deduce that it is going to be an enzyme=protein=transcription.
Which cells harvested from adult mice were most likely used as the highly
proliferative benchmark in the experiment that generated the data shown in Figure
3?
A.Adipocytes
B.Cardiac muscle cells
C.Gastrointestinal epithelial cells
D.Neurons - CORRECT ANSWER-Key word here is proliferative. Proliferative cells
grow or multiply by rapidly producing new tissue, parts, cells, or offspring. This
happens A LOT in the stomach.
POE:
A- no. mature adipocytes do not divide
B- cardiac MUSCLE cells do not divide once matured.
D- neurons NEVER divide. Once you lose a neuron, it's gone forever.
After a section of a DNA strand containing a UVR-induced lesion is removed and
resynthesized, the newly synthesized strand is rejoined to the remainder of the DNA
strand by what type of bond?
A.Disulfide
B.Hydrogen
C.Peptide
D.Phosphodiester - CORRECT ANSWER-Dna is joined together by phosphodiester
bonds :)
,Which image shows an example of a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Remember: pyrimidines are one ring. purines are two rings. Dimer=2
fused together.
AlP exposed to an aqueous solution in which pH range will result in the largest
amount of PHOSPHINE production?
A.pH < 4
B.4 < pH < 7
C.7 < pH < 10
D.pH > 10
equation: AIP + 3H+ ---->AI+ + 3PH3 - CORRECT ANSWER-according to
lechatlier's principle, when you increase the 3h+ (making PH hella acidic) the
equation is going to shift to the right and make more phosphine.
Based on the passage, which amino acid will most likely react with phosphine?
A.Met
B.Cys
C.Ser
D.Thr
passage: It is thought that phosphine reacts with important sulfhydryl groups -
CORRECT ANSWER-cysteine has sulfhydryl groups and can make disulfide bonds.
Methionine is the other amino acid that is sulfur containing, but cannot make
disulfide bonds. Therefore cysteine is the correct answer.
When researchers determined the total cellular concentration of ATP in AlP-exposed
rat liver cells, they found the concentration to be equal to the control value. Which
conclusion about the metabolic state of the cell is best supported by these data?
A.Glycolytic flux is increased after AlP treatment.
B.Glycolytic flux is decreased after AlP treatment.
C.Citric acid cycle flux is increased after AlP treatment.
D.Citric acid cycle flux is decreased after AlP treatment.
passage: It was found that AlP exposure resulted in a 65% decrease in ATP levels
and a 48% decrease in the rate of ATP synthesis. In addition, the effect of AlP on the
activity of three ETC complexes was determined (Table 1). The activities of these
complexes were determined independently of each other. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Mitochondrial ATP synthesis has been decreased based on the passage
, and the data in the table. Therefore, most of the app that will be made will have to be
in the cytosol outside of the mitochondria.
This indicates that there will be an increase in glycolytic flux after AIP treatment.
REMEMBER: ATP is NOT directly produced by the citric acid cycle. Those answer
choices should be immediately crossed out.
Why was it necessary for the researchers to determine the activity of the complexes
independent of one another?
A.Complex stability is lost if the complexes are able to interact structurally.
B.The complexes have different cellular locations, and it is not feasible to isolate
them together.
C.The complexes all use the same substrates, so their use must be monitored
separately.
D.The reactions catalyzed by the complexes are coupled to one another. -
CORRECT ANSWER-POE:
A- no this makes absolutely no sense.
B- no they are all located in the inner mitochondrial membrane where oxidative
phosphorylation takes place.
C- they DO NOT use the same substrates. Complex two starts using fadh2 whereas
complex one does not use FADH2 at all.
D- Absolutely. inhibition of complexes I and II affects the activity of Complex III,
which affects the activity of Complex IV
A large carbohydrate is tagged with a fluorescent marker and placed in the
extracellular environment around a macrophage. The macrophage ingests the
carbohydrate via phagocytosis. Which cellular structure is most likely to be
fluorescently labeled upon viewing with a light microscope soon after phagocytosis?
A.Nucleus
B.Golgi apparatus
C.Lysosome
D.Endoplasmic reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER-Okay steps:
macrophage eats the shit
macrophage need to breakdown the shit because it is dangerous.
macrophage needs help from organelle that can break down the shit.
This organelle is the lysosome.
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