Exam (elaborations)
MCAT Psych_Soc (1)
Exam of 9 pages for the course NFDN 2006 at NFDN 2006 (MCAT Psych_Soc (1))
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MCAT Psych/SocWhich of the following statements about human-pet interactions best reflects the
Schachter-Singer theory of emotion?
A. As Julia pets her cat, her blood pressure decreases and her brain increases
release of oxytocin. She then cognitively interprets how much she loves her cat, and
experiences happiness as a result.
B. Timothy's dog runs out of the house without his collar or leash. Timothy's heart
rate increases and he shouts for the dog to come home. His body's cues and
behavior lead him to understand that he is in a scary situation, and he feels afraid.
C. Annabel is holding her guinea pig on the couch and scratching its ears. As she
does this, her brain releases hormones associated with reward. At the same time,
she cognitively interprets the situation as happy and calm. She then smiles.
D. Luke is training for a marathon and runs with his dog, Max. He feels moderately
happy and excited while he runs with Max - CORRECT ANSWER-A. As Julia pets
her cat, her blood pressure decreases and her brain increases release of oxytocin.
She then cognitively interprets how much she loves her cat, and experiences
happiness as a result.
Casinos maximize the amount of money that people are willing to put into slot
machines by making sure that the slot machines pay out jackpots on a reinforcement
schedule that is the most resistant to behavior extinction. These machines use which
reinforcement schedule?
A. Fixed-ratio
B. Variable-ratio
C. Variable-interval
D. Continuous - CORRECT ANSWER-B. Variable-ratio
Schedules of reinforcement - CORRECT ANSWER-Fixed-interval: behavior is
rewarded after a set amount of time (ex. hourly payment)
Variable-interval: subject gets the reinforcement based on unpredictable amounts of
time (ex. fishing: you won't know when you'll catch something)
Fixed-ratio: set number of responses that must occur before the behavior is
rewarded (ex. earning a commission for making sales)
Variable-ratio: number of responses needed for a reward varies (ex. casino)
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When a subject views the word "red" written in green ink it takes longer for the
subject to recognize the word than when viewing the word "red" written in red ink.
This phenomenon is known as:
A. James-Lange theory.
B. cognitive dissonance.
, C. attribution theory.
D. the Stroop effect. - CORRECT ANSWER-D. the Stroop effect.
Stroop effect is a demonstration of interference in the reaction time of a task. When
the name of a color (e.g., "blue", "green", or "red") is printed in a color that is not
denoted by the name (e.g., the word "red" printed in blue ink instead of red ink),
naming the color of the word takes longer and is more prone to errors than when the
color of the ink matches the name of the color.
A study found that professors speaking with minority female students were much
more likely to use shorter sentences with more instructions, and to ask questions
that revealed an assumption of lack of academic skill. These professors were
demonstrating:
A. prejudice.
B. discrimination.
C. stereotyping.
D. egoism. - CORRECT ANSWER-B is correct. The professors are demonstrating a
change in their behavior - speaking and questions - based on race and gender. Such
changes are discrimination.
A: Prejudice is an attitude, not a behavior.
C: Stereotyping is a cognitive action, not a behavior.
D: While the professors may be egoists, their actions speak to discrimination.
What type of memory does a student primarily employ when he/she recites
biomedical facts on an exam?
A. Episodic memory
B. Semantic memory
C. Procedural memory
D. Conditioned memory - CORRECT ANSWER-B is correct. Semantic memory is
the type of memory related to facts and information.
A: Episodic memory is the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a
particular time and place.
C: Procedural memory is a type of memory related to actions or behaviors, like
placing an IV or suturing a wound.
D: Conditioned memory is a type of memory that is formed based on your
associations between two things.
What type of conflict are the jurors in the study likely experiencing if they are unsure
of the defendant's guilt?
A. Approach-approach conflict
B. Avoidant-avoidant conflict
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