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Principles of Agronomy Test 1 (1
Principles of Agronomy Test 1 (1
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Principles of Agronomy Test 1Taxon levels - CORRECT ANSWER-Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order,
Family, Genus, Species
Linnaeus' naming system - CORRECT ANSWER-two names, Genus (first letter
capitalized, in italics), species (all lowercase letters, in italics)
Variety - CORRECT ANSWER-describes naturally occurring differences within a
species
Cultivar - CORRECT ANSWER-combination of two words, cultivated and variety,
human made varieties
Life cycle - CORRECT ANSWER-groups plants by how long they survive
Use - CORRECT ANSWER-classifying agronomic plants by how they are used,
certain plants can be placed in multiple categories
Companion - CORRECT ANSWER-Fast-growing annual crop seeded with
slow-establishing perennial plant
Forage - CORRECT ANSWER-Vegetative matter (dried or fresh) fed to animals
Grain - CORRECT ANSWER-Cereal grass or other plants grown for their seed
Green Manure - CORRECT ANSWER-Crop grown and plowed under for soil
improvement
Hay - CORRECT ANSWER-The leaf and stems of plants cut and dried for animal
consumption
Silage - CORRECT ANSWER-Plant leaf and stems cut and placed in an anaerobic
(no oxygen) environment
Phenetic - CORRECT ANSWER-sorts plants based on overall similarity (looks), in
morphology or other observable traits, lack of consistency
Phylogenetic - CORRECT ANSWER-classifying by common ancestry, placed into
clades, can be represented in a cladogram
Prokaryotic - CORRECT ANSWER-organism that has no nucleus or other
organelles, much smaller and simpler than Eukaryotic
, Eukaryotic - CORRECT ANSWER-organism with a nucleus and other organelles, 10
times larger and more complex than Prokaryotic cells, developed specialized
packaging and transport mechanisms which are necessary to support the larger cell
size
Cell Wall - CORRECT ANSWER-plant cells are dead at maturity, rigid to protect the
cell, made of cellulose fibers meshed into a matrix of carbohydrates called pectin
and lignin
Middle Lamella - CORRECT ANSWER-pectin layer that cements the cell walls of two
adjoining cells
Primary Wall - CORRECT ANSWER-consists of skeleton of cellulose fibers
embedded in a gel-like matrix composed of pectin compounds like cellulose, able to
stretch as the young cell expands to full size
Secondary Wall - CORRECT ANSWER-formed after cell enlargement is completed,
extremely rigid and provides compression strength (it cannot stretch), contains lignin
(strengthening and water proofing compound), several layers
Plasmodesmata - CORRECT ANSWER-channels in between cells that let molecules
pass through the wall from cell to cell, "little holes in the cell wall"
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER-consists of all the contents that can be found
within the cell wall, excluding the cell nucleus, 2 main parts: organelles and cytosol
Organelles - CORRECT ANSWER-discrete bodies surrounded by a membrane, and
performing a specific function
Cytosol - CORRECT ANSWER-a gel-like fluid that fills the interior of the cell, home
for the nucleus and organelles, location for protein synthesis and other fundamental
chemical reactions
Plasma membrane - CORRECT ANSWER-separates the components inside the cell
from the cell wall, semi-permeable, regulates what goes in and out of the cell, keeps
all the pieces inside the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER-network of membranes that
manufactures, processes, and helps transport chemical compounds for use inside
and outside of the cell, connected to the double layered nuclear envelope, pipeline
between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
Rough ER - CORRECT ANSWER-large number of ribosomes attached, where new
proteins are assembled in the cell
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