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Biology midterm 2 (1
Biology midterm 2 (1
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Biology midterm 2Prokaryote - CORRECT ANSWER-Bacteria and Archaea, no nucleus, ribosomes,
plasma membrane, has some organelles
Eukaryote - CORRECT ANSWER-Everything but bacteria and archaea, nucleus,
variety of organelles
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER-Holds cell's DNA
Where does the syntheses of rRNA and assembly of ribosomes take place -
CORRECT ANSWER-nucleolus
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER-carry out protein synthesis, technically not an
organelle since it's not surrounded by membranes
Free ribosome - CORRECT ANSWER-makes proteins that will function in the cytosol
Bound ribosome - CORRECT ANSWER-make proteins of the endomembrane
system and proteins that are secreted from the cell
Smooth ER - CORRECT ANSWER-Lipid processing, storage of calcium ions,
detoxification of drugs and poisons
Golgi apparatus - CORRECT ANSWER-"post office", modifies/stores/ships proteins,
adds molecular tags (zip codes) to proteins that are going to be secreted
Lysosomes - CORRECT ANSWER-"Waste management", sac of enzymes that
digest macromolecules, functions best in acidic environments
2 processes that occur in lysosomes - CORRECT ANSWER-Phagocytosis and
Autophagy
phagocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER-engulfing of solid particles and breaking them
down
Autophagy - CORRECT ANSWER-recycles cells own organic material
Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER-power plant of the cell, double membrane,
contains their own DNA and ribosomes, site of cellular respiration
Cellular respiration - CORRECT ANSWER-produces energy (ATP)
, Thylakoid - CORRECT ANSWER-saclike photosynthetic membranes found in
chloroplasts
Nuclear transport - CORRECT ANSWER-- highly regulated- proteins destined for the
nucleus have specific amino acid sequence (zip code)
Where does all protein synthesis start - CORRECT ANSWER-free ribosomes
Cytoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER-A network of fibers that holds the cell together,
helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement
Cytoskeleton is composed of 3 types of fibers - CORRECT ANSWER-microtubules,
microfilaments, intermediate filaments
Intermediate filaments - CORRECT ANSWER-Anchors nucleus and other
organelles, formation of nuclear lamina
What is an example of a pentose - CORRECT ANSWER-fructose
Glycoproteins - CORRECT ANSWER-Carb that is linked to a protein that is
connected to a cell that changes its identity
Rough ER - CORRECT ANSWER-Proteins are packaged and sent to other
organelles or are embedded in the membrane
Vacuoles - CORRECT ANSWER-"Handyman", reserves of important organic
compounds, stores poisonous compounds and pigments
Central vacuole - CORRECT ANSWER-Plant cells, stores inorganic ions, allows cell
to grow w/out increasing cytoplasm, helps plant stay rigid
peroxisomes - CORRECT ANSWER-Produces H2O2, contains catalase to break
down H2O2, breakdown fatty acids, detoxifies alcohol and other toxins
Microfilaments - CORRECT ANSWER-muscle contractions and cell division
Microtubules - CORRECT ANSWER-Cell motility, chromosome movement in cell
division
Exocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER-a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole
are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell
membrane.
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