Exam (elaborations)
PCOL 838 Exam 1 (3
Exam of 11 pages for the course MKT 3413 at MKT 3413 (PCOL 838 Exam 1 (3)
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PCOL 838 Exam 1WBC Labs - ANS-4000-11000 uL
RBC - ANS-transport O2 and CO2
HRO: EPO (kidney)
Lab:
Hemoglobin: 14-18 g/dL M
12-16 g/dL F
Erythrocyte s42-50% M
37-47% F
Count: 4.6-6 x10^6 uL M
4.2-5.4 x 10^6 uL F
Neutrophils - ANS-Phagocytose and destroy invading bacteria
HRO: Cytokines
Lab: 2500-7500uL
Eosinophils - ANS-Destroy larger parasites and modulate allergic inflammatory responses
HRO: Cytokines
Basophils - ANS-Release histamines and immune reactions
HRO: Cytokines
Monocytes - ANS-Become tissue macrophages, which phagocytose and digest invading
microorganisms and foreign bodies as well as damaged and senescent cells
HRO: Cytokines
B Cells - ANS-Make antibodies
HRO: Cytokines
T cells - ANS-Kill virus-infected cells and regulate activities of other leukocytes
HRO: Cytokines
NK cells - ANS-Kill virus-infected cells and some tumor cells
Platelets - ANS-Initiate blood clotting. Cell fragments, arising from megakaryocytes in bone
marry
HRO: TPO (liver, kidney, skeletal muscles, and marrow)
Labs: 150,000- 400,000 uL
, IL-12 and IL-18 - ANS-Th 1
IFN activates macrophages to kill INTRAcellular bacteria
IL-4 - ANS-Th2
IL-4 activates macrophages to expel parasitic worms
IL-6, IL-21 - ANS-Tfh
Make IL-21, IL-4 and express CD40L and ICOS that help B cellls make high affinity class
switched antibody
IL-6 + TGFB - ANS-Th17
IL-17 attracts neutrophils
IL-22 induces antimicrobial peptide production
TGFB/retinoic acid - ANS-Tregs inhibit immune responses via cell surface molecules of
cytokines such as IL-10
IgM HCS - ANS-complement activation
IgG HCS - ANS-Fc receptor-dependent phagocyte response, complement activation, neonatal
immunity
IgE HCS - ANS-Immunity against helminths, mast cell degranulation (immediate
hypersensitivity)
IgA HCS - ANS-Muscosal immunity; IgA transport thru epithelia
x-linked agammaglobulinemia - ANS-Cause: Loss of Btk tyr
Defect: No B cells
Susceptibility: extracellular bacteria, viruses
x-linked hyper-IgM syndrome - ANS-Cause: Defective CD40 ligand
Defect: No isotype switching
Susceptibility: extracellular bacteria (Pneumo, Crypto)
Common variable immunodeficiency - ANS-Cause: Unknown, MCH linked
Defect: defective IgA and IgG production
Susceptibility: extracellular bacteria
Selective IgA - ANS-Most common!
Cause: Unknown; MCH linked
Defect: No IgA synthesis
Susceptibility: respiratory infections
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