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Pharm Exam 3 _ Asthma, COPD, Allergic Rhinitis (1)
Pharm Exam 3 _ Asthma, COPD, Allergic Rhinitis (1)
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Pharm Exam 3 | Asthma, COPD, AllergicRhinitis
Asthma Triggers - CORRECT ANSWER-Environment, Respiratory Infection,
Allergens, Emotions, Exercise, Drugs/Preservations, Occupational Stimuli, Other
Goals for Therapy - CORRECT ANSWER-Reduce Impairment:
-prevent chronic and troublesome symptoms -prevent use of rescue meds
(<2days/week) -maintain (near) normal pulmonary function and normal activity
Reduce Risk:
-prevent hospitalizations
-prevent loss of lung function
-provide optimal pharmacotherapy with minimal or no adverse effects of therapy
Beta 2 Receptor Agonists (Short Acting) - CORRECT ANSWER-Indicated for acute
bronchospasm (rescue inhaler)
Prevention of exercise induced asthma
Albuterol (SABA) - CORRECT ANSWER-Beta 2 Agonist, Potency: 2
Generic Available
$45/mo
10 min onset, 3-4 hr duration
Inhaler + Nebulizer
Most clinical evidence
bronchial hyperresponsiveness
Levalbuterol (SABA) - CORRECT ANSWER-No Generic
$60/mo
10 min onset, 3-4 hr duration
Inhaler + Nebulizer
Pirbuterol (SABA) - CORRECT ANSWER-No generic
$145/mo
30 min onset, 5 hr duration
Inhaler
Beta 2 Receptor Agonists (Long-Acting) - CORRECT ANSWER--Preferred
adjunctive therapy in combination with inhaled corticosteroids
-Black Box Warning: used alone increases risk of asthma related death; increased
asthma-related deaths with salmeterol
-Indicated for long term control of asthma
, LABA Combinations - CORRECT ANSWER-Salmeterol + Fluticasone
Formoterol + Budesonide
Formoterol + Mometasone
Salmeterol - CORRECT ANSWER-Generic available
$181/mo
2 hr onset, 12 hr duration
Inhaled aerosol powder
More clinical evidence
Formoterol - CORRECT ANSWER-No Generic
$176/mo
2 hr onset, 12 hr duration
Capsule + Nebulizer
Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) - CORRECT ANSWER-*Direct local anti-inflammatory
activity
-reduce airway hyperresponsiveness
-inhibit inflammatory cell migration and activation
*Most Effective long-term control medication
*Reduce impairment and risk of exacerbations
ICS Delivery - CORRECT ANSWER-*Lung Delivery
-delivery devices
-patient technique
*Systemic Availability
-systemic adverse effects
-? decreased growth velocity
ICS Administration and Monitoring - CORRECT ANSWER-*Administration
-risk of oral candidiasis (rinse w/ water)
-onset of improvement in 1 week
*Monitoring
-growth velocity in peds
Anticholinergic Agents - CORRECT ANSWER-*MOA: inhibit muscarinic cholinergic
receptors
*Quick relief of moderate/severe exacerbation
-in combo w/ SABA
-May be used as alternative bronchodilator if intolerant to SABA
*Adverse Effects
-blurred vision
-xerostomia
-tachycardia
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