Exam (elaborations)
BSNC1000 Perfusion (1)
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- Biochemistry Module 3
- Institution
- Biochemistry Module 3
BSNC1000 Perfusion (1)
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BSNC1000 PerfusionCentral perfusion - ANS-Generated by cardiac output - the amount of blood pumped by the
heart each minute
Perfusion - ANS-the flow of blood through arteries and capillaries delivering nutrients and
oxygen to cells and removing cellular waste products
Ischemia - ANS-an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart
muscles.
Systolic pressure - ANS-Blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles.
Diastolic pressure - ANS-Blood pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are relaxed.
Stroke volume - ANS-The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.
Cardiac output - ANS-heart rate (HR) x stroke volume (SV)
The amount of blood ejected per minute
Preload - ANS-volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole (Contraction)
Tissue perfusion - ANS-blood flow through body tissues
Capillary hydrostatic pressure - ANS-pressure exerted by blood on the capillary walls that forces
fluids through the capillary walls into the interstitial spaces. This allows delivery of oxygen, fluid
and nutrients to cells.
RAAS - ANS-renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Components of the circulatory system - ANS-Heart, arterial system, venous system, capillary
beds
Scope of perfusion - ANS-Optimal, impaired, no perfusion
Impaired perfusion - ANS-- Ischemia
- Cell/tissue injury
What conditions cause impairment of central perfusion? - ANS-- Where cardiac output is
decreased
- Where shock is involved
, What conditions cause impairment of tissue perfusion? - ANS-- Occlusion, constriction or
dilation of arteries, veins
No perfusion - ANS-- Infarction
- Cell death
Blood pressure - ANS-the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood
vessels. Measured in mm Hg.
Pulse pressure - ANS-systolic pressure - diastolic pressure
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) - ANS-cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR)
or
diastolic pressure + 1/3(Pulse pressure)
What are some factors that influence blood volume? - ANS-- Sodium ingestion and excretion
- Renin/angiotensin
What is vasoconstriction influenced by? - ANS-- Fight or flight (Sympathetic NS)
- Kidney: renin/angiotensin
- Adrenal gland hormones
What is vasodilation influenced by? - ANS-- Rest and digest (Parasympathetic NS)
- Kidney: vasodilators
- Hormones
Peripheral resistance - ANS-Force that must be overcome to push blood through circulatory
system
What influences peripheral resistance? - ANS-- Vessel wall tension
- Blood viscosity
- Vessel radius (Most adjustable variable!)
What influences blood flow? - ANS-- Viscosity and velocity of blood
- Vessel radius
- Vessel elasticity
What influences blood viscosity? - ANS-RBCs, blood proteins, hydration level
What do baroreceptors do? - ANS-detect changes in blood pressure
Where are the baroreceptors located? - ANS-carotid sinus and aortic arch
Neural regulation of blood pressure - ANS-Baroreceptors - stretch and send messages to brain
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