Exam (elaborations)
NUR 101 NUTRITION (1).
- Course
- NUR 101 NCLEX STYLE
- Institution
- NUR 101 NCLEX STYLE
NUR 101 NUTRITION (1).
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NUR 101 NUTRITIONcontinuous feedings - ANS-provide a constant flow of formula and an even distribution of
nutrition throughout the day
pump-controlled infusions - ANS-recommended for jejunal feedings and for gastrostomy
feedings given by continuous infusion to decrease gastroesophageal refulx
gravity feedings - ANS-type of feeding schedule where you will regulate the drip rate by
adjusting a clamp on the tubing. this type increases the risk of reflux, diarrhea, and aspriration
cyclic feedings - ANS-patient is able to eat meals and participate in activities throughout the day
but receives an infusion of enteral formula at night while at rest
intermittent feedings - ANS-feedings are given on a regular or periodic basis several times a
day, usually over 30-60 minutes
bolus - ANS-in this method of feedings, you use a syringe to deliver 300 to 400 mL of formula
through the tube over a 5-10 minute period
open system - ANS-feeding is exposed to the environment.
closed system - ANS-feeding is prefilled and functions much like IV fluid
parenteral nutrition - ANS-delivery of nutrition intravenously into a large, central vein
PN solutions - ANS-contain concentration of dextrose in water, along with amino acids, vitamins,
mineral, trace elements and can provide 20-30 kcal per kg/d. administered into a ventral venous
access catheter
lipid emulsions - ANS-contain essential fatty acids, triglycerides, and supplemental kcal.
administered weekly for patients who rely on PN to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency. they
also add calories to PN thus reducing the risk of glucose fluctuations.
macronutrients - ANS-supply the body with energy (kcal)
micronutrients - ANS-help manufacture, repair, and maintain cells
what are the energy nutrients? - ANS-carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
anabolism - ANS-involves the formation of larger molecules from smaller ones
, catabolism - ANS-involves the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller components
what are the primary energy source? - ANS-carbohydrates
carbohydrates - ANS-supply energy for muscle and organ function
spare protein
enhance insulin secretion
increase satiety
improve absorption of sodium and excretion of calcium
proteins - ANS-tissue building
metabolism
immune system function
fluid balance
acid-base balance
secondary energy source
lipids - ANS-supply essential nutrients
energy source
flavor and satiety
provides insulation, protects vital organs, aids in thermoregulation and enables nerve-impulse
transmittion
cholesterol functions
essential amino acids - ANS-significant in our diets because our body cannot manufacture
them.
cholesterol - ANS-a waxlike substance needed for the formation of cell membranes, vitamin D,
estrogen, and testosterone.
low-density lipoproteins - ANS-transport cholesterol to body cells
high-density lipoproteins - ANS-remove cholesterol from the bloodstream returningit to the liver
where it is used to produce bile
vitamin A - ANS-effects of deficiency:
night blindness, xerosis, xerophthalmia, keratomalacia, skin lesions
vitamin D - ANS-effects of deficiency:
bone and muscle pain, weakness, softening of bone, fractures, rickets
vitamin E - ANS-effects of deficiency:
hyporeflexia, ataxia, hemolytic anemia, myopathy
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