Exam (elaborations)
EXAM 2- NUR 2060 Pharmacology (2).
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- NR 667 VISE
- Institution
- NR 667 VISE
EXAM 2- NUR 2060 Pharmacology (2).
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EXAM 2- NUR 2060 PharmacologyAxonal conduction vs. Synaptic transmission: which is highly selective? - ANS-synaptic
transmission
Axonal conduction vs. Synaptic transmission: which is not selective? - ANS-axonal conduction
Careful consideration when giving a child with otitis media an antibiotic, why? - ANS-the vast
majority of otitis media will resolve spontaneously within a week
Describe bipolar disorder - ANS-cyclic disorder with recurrent fluctuations in mood with episodes
of mania and then depression
Describe the drug baclofen (Lioresal) - ANS--relieves spasticity
-reduces spasms
-do not abruptly stop; may cause hallucinations, coma, and death
Discuss the drug atomexetine (Straterra) - ANS--NON stimulant ADHD drug
-takes 1-3 weeks for maximal response
-decreases NE re-uptake
-ADR's: decreased appetite, mood swings, somnolence, disrupted sleep patterns, liver toxicity
risk
Discuss the drug bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban) - ANS--miscellanceous antidepressant
-often taken if pt is unable to take SSRI or don't respond to SSRI's
-for smoking cessation
Discuss the drug buspirone (BuSpar) - ANS--for general anxiety disorder (GAD)
-mild ADR's
**grapefruit and some antibiotics increase levels of buspirone
Discuss the drug carbamazepine (Tegretol) - ANS--Anti-epileptic drug
*first line for tonic-clonic sz
-also for partial sz
-suppresses neuronal discharge
-ADR's: minimal CNS symptoms, rare but serious anemias
-monitor CBC and have patient report flu-like symptoms
-preg. category D
*interaction with grapefruit juice (decreases metabolism of sz med)
Discuss the drug chlorpromazine (Thorazine) - ANS--antipsychotic drug
- low potency
,-ADR's: sedation, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects
-low EPS risk but equal risk of TD
Discuss the drug clozapine (Clozaril) - ANS--antipsychotic drug
-blocks dopamine and serotonin
*only used in Schizophrenia
-low EPS with no TD
*decrease WBC (this makes drug less desirable)
-have pt. report signs of infection
-other ADR's: SZ, diabetes, weight gain, myocarditis
Discuss the drug diazepam (Valium) - ANS--Anti-epileptic drug
-benzodiazepine anticonvulsant
-used to stop acute status epilepticus
Discuss the drug duloxetine (Cymbalta)? - ANS--SNRI
-for depression, diabetic peripheral neuropathy
-fibromyalgia
Discuss the drug ethosuximide (Zarontin) - ANS--Anti-epileptic drug
*drug of choice for absent sz*
-more effective drug
-suppresses neurons in thalamus
-ADR's: drowsiness, N/V
Discuss the drug fluoxetine (Prozac). - ANS--SSRI
*suicide risk exists with SSRI's
Discuss the drug gabapentin (Neurotin) - ANS--Anti-epileptic drug
-for absent sz (and others), heretic neuralgia (nerve pain from shingles) & neuropathy
-ADR's: confusion, depression, & drowsiness
-wide therapeutic range
Discuss the drug haloperidol (Haldol) - ANS--antipsychotic drug
-high potency
-for: psychosis, Tourette's & severe behavioral problems in kids
-increased incidence of EPS
*preferred initial therapy
-incidence of TD
Discuss the drug methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta) - ANS--CNS stimulant
Discuss the drug olanzapine (Zyprexa) - ANS--antipsychotic drug
-for Schizophrenia and Bipolar
, -ADR's: EPS, TD, NMS, SZ
Discuss the drug phenobarbital (Luminal) - ANS--Anti-epileptic drug
-"classic" use for generalized and partial sz
-promotes sleep and sedation
-ADR's: neurotoxicity, drowsiness, depression, inattention, and confusion
-monitor serum levels
-limited use now
Discuss the drug phenytoin (Dilantin). - ANS--Anti-epileptic drug
-inhibits Na entry
-for all sz except absent
-CNS depressant
-preg. category D
*gingival hyperplasia
*narrow therapeutic range
-ADR's: nystagmus (eye quivering), ataxia (unsteady gait), lethargy, & sedation
-stimulates metabolism of warfarin, oral contraceptives, &glucocorticoids (decreased half life)
*avoid alcohol
Discuss the drug pregabalin (Lyrica) - ANS--Anti-epileptic drug
-for absent sz (and others)
-thought to enhance GABA release
-for neuropathic pain, partial sz adjunct, & fibromyalgia
-ADR's: weight gain, swelling of hands and feet, trouble concentrating, dry mouth
-discontinue gradually; abrupt stop may cause insomnia, nausea, headache, and diarrhea
Discuss the drug ramelteon (Rozeram) - ANS--for insomnia
-binds selectively to melatonin receptors
-causes sleep initiation
*long term use is approved
-the only insomnia drug that is not a controlled substance
Discuss the drug risperidone (Risperdal) - ANS--antipsychotic drug
-for psychotic disorders
-ADR's: EPS, NMS, aggressive behavior, insomnia, sedation, increased dreams, HA, decreased
libido
Discuss the drug valproic acid (Depakene, Depakote ER, Depacon, Divalproex,Epival ) -
ANS--anti-epileptic and mood stabilizer
-blocks Na and Ca channels therefore increases GABA influence
-works faster and has a higher therapeutic index
-used for ALL sz (also for bipolar and migraines)
-ADR's: nausea (take with food), hepatotoxicity (rare) and pancreatitis (rare)
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