Exam (elaborations)
NUR 2060 (Pharmacology) EXAM 1 (2)
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- NR 667 VISE
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- NR 667 VISE
NUR 2060 (Pharmacology) EXAM 1 (2)
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NUR 2060 (Pharmacology) EXAM 1What is pharmacology? - ANS-the study of drugs and their interactions with living systems
What is pharmacotherapeutics? - ANS-the use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, to treat disease or
prevent pregnancy
What are the 3 main properties of an ideal drug? - ANS-1. effectiveness (elicits response for
which it's given)
2. safety (cannot produce harmful effects)
3. selectivity (only elicits response for which is given)
Which schedule has the highest level of abuse potential? - ANS-Schedule I
What is the difference between the chemical, generic, and trade names of a drug? -
ANS--Chemical= chemical structure of the drug
-Generic= the official name of the drug
-Trade= name given to the drug from the manufacture
Which type of drug name starts in a lower case letter? - ANS-generic
Which type of drug name starts as an UPPER case letter? - ANS-Trade/brand name
What does a "local" route mean? - ANS-one area of the body (i.e. skin)
What does a "systemic" route mean? - ANS-effects all over the body
What does an "enteral" route mean? - ANS-drug given by mouth (oral/PO)
What does a "parenteral" route mean? - ANS-drug that goes directly into the blood stream (i.e.
IV, IM, Sub Q)
What does a "mucous membrane application" route mean? - ANS-drug given via sublingual,
buccal, inhalation, vaginal, and rectal
What does a "topical" route mean? - ANS-drug given via dermal, transdermal, otic, and
ophthalmic
What are the seven "Rights" of medication administration? - ANS-right DRUG
right DOSE
right ROUTE
right TIME
,right PATIENT
right OF PATIENT TO REFUSE MEDICATION
right DOCUMENTATION
How are drugs classified? - ANS-1. chemical structure/group (i.e. opiate)
2. action (an opiate receptor agonist)
3. site of action (CNS)
4. use (an analgesic)
Are drugs endogenous or exogenous? - ANS-exogenous
Drugs mimic endogenous or exogenous actions? - ANS-endogenous actions
What is the term that describes how the drug MOVES though the body? -
ANS-pharmacokinetics
What is the term that describes how the drug WORKS in the body - ANS-pharmacodynamics
What are the four basic processes of pharmacokinetics? - ANS-1. absorption
2. distribution (blood)
3. metabolism (liver)
4. excretion (kidney)
What effects absorption of a drug? - ANS--blood flow
-drug lipid solubility
-pH and drug ionization
-passive diffusion
-pharmaceutical processing (coatings, and additives)
What is bioavailability? - ANS-the portion or percentage of an administered dose of a drug that
is absorbed and able to cause an effect
What do drugs bind to to be carried throughout the body? - ANS-plasma protein binding
(albumin)
What would low plasma albumin levels cause? - ANS-Low levels of albumin would increase the
level of that drug in the blood stream causing it to have a more profound/harmful effect on the
patient
T or F: a drug cannot pass through a membrane when it's bound to plasma albumin? -
ANS-true; once unbound it is free to be used
If a drug has a higher affinity to bind to plasma albumin, what happens to that drug and the other
drug if given at the same time? - ANS-i.e. if you give warfarin and aspirin at the same time,
, aspirin has a higher affinity to bind to albumin which then will then increase the levels of warfarin
in the blood stream (because aspirin is bound to all the albumin sites). The level of warfarin will
increase and therefore more bleeding and thinning of the blood will occur. (this is why we
typically don't give them together)
What type of drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier? - ANS-only lipid soluble and non tightly
bound
What is another name for metabolism? - ANS-biotransformation
What is the cytochrome P450 system? - ANS-a group of enzymes in the liver recognized and
identified for their ability to breakdown drugs
What are the first 3 families of the cytochrome P450 system known to do? - ANS-metabolize
drugs (CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3)
What is the "First Pass Effect"? - ANS-when drugs given PO move through the liver, breaking
them down to some degree
What is half-life? - ANS-the amount of time it takes 1/2 of a drug to get out of the system
How many half-lives does it take to reduce a drug to an amount that is negligible? - ANS-4
half-lives
How many half-lives does it take to reach a plateau/steady-state in the blood stream? - ANS-4
half-lives
What is an agonist? - ANS-helps a process happen
What is an antagonist? - ANS-blocks a process from happening
What is efficacy? - ANS-a drug's ability to cause a response
T or F: If a drug has a greater efficacy than another drug, this means it is better than the other
drug - ANS-FALSE! efficacy is a drug's ability to cause a response. i.e. not everyone needs
morphine for pain. It depends on how much of an effect we need for the patient's condition
What is potency? - ANS-how much drug must be administered to elicit a desired response
If a drug is known to be more potent than another, what does that mean? - ANS-If drug is more
potent it does NOT mean its better, it only means a smaller dose is needed to elicit a response
(pg.46)
What is selectivity? - ANS-the drug only elicits the response it is given for
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