Exam (elaborations)
pharmacology exam 2 NUR 2060 -part 2 CNS (1)
- Course
- NR 667 VISE
- Institution
- NR 667 VISE
pharmacology exam 2 NUR 2060 -part 2 CNS (1)
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
pharmacology exam 2 NUR 2060 -part 2 CNSwhere do central nervous system drugs act and what do they treat? - ANS-brain and spinal cord
-psychiatric disorders, CNS diseases, suppression of seizures, relief of pain, and anesthesia
-nonmedically for stimulant, euphoriant, and mind altering abilities
what are neurotransmitters for CNS? - ANS-serotonin, gaba, endorphins, oxytocin, dopamine,
norepinephrine, epinephrine
what is the blood brain barrier? - ANS--passage across BBB is limited to lipid soluble agents
and drugs that can use transport systems are able to cross
-impedes the entry of drugs into the brain
-protein bound drugs and highly ionized drugs cannot cross
-to treat CNS diseases, drugs must cross bbb
T/F: sometimes it take weeks for a full therapeutic effect for CNS drugs - ANS-True; therapeutic
effects increase over time
T/F: CNS drugs taken chronically may decrease the intensity of the side effects, while the
therapeutic effect remains undiminished - ANS-True
CNS drugs exhibit both ____________ and ________________. - ANS-tolerance- person's
diminished response to a drug, which occurs when drug is used repeatedly and body adapts to
drug;
physical dependence- a state in which abrupt discontinuation of drug use will result in
withdrawal syndrome
what is Parkinson's disease - ANS-chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the
extrapyramidal system due to degeneration of neurons
what are symptoms of Parkinson's disease - ANS--dyskinesia- abnormal body movements
-akinesia: muscle rigidity
-bradykinesia: slowness of motion
-tremor at rest: early sign, progressive
-postural instability
-arms hang heavy at sides
-voice is barely audible
-speech slurred
-face void of emotion
movement is normal the the inhibitory influence of _____________ and ______________ are in
balance - ANS-dopamine and acetylcholine
, -dopamine is an inhibitory transmitter and Ach is excitatory
-in the striatum
GABA - ANS-inhibits the transmission of action potentials and slows down the brain by blocking
specific signals in the CNS
-regulates muscle tone daily and muscle relaxation during sleep
what are the major categories of drug therapy for Parkinson's disease? - ANS--dopaminergic
agents: promote activation of dopamine receptors
-anticholinergic agents: prevent activation of cholinergic receptors
what are some mechanisms of action of dopaminergic drugs? - ANS--promotion of dopamine
synthesis
-prevention of dopamine degradation
-promotion of dopamine release
-direct activation of dopamine receptors
levodopa (Dopar) - ANS-dopaminergic agent that replaces dopamine to treat Parkinson's
disease
-once it crosses the BBB, it converts to dopamine where it helps restore the balance between
dopamine and Ach in the striatum
can dopamine cross the BBB? - ANS-no
what are some nursing implications for levodopa? - ANS--encourage a low protein diet bc amino
acids compete in intestine for absoprtion
-full effect may take several months
-effect diminishes with time, first two years promising, less after 5
-patients have off and on periods of when the drug is working so it may help to change dosing
schedule
side effects of levadopa - ANS--N/V: give low dose or w food (but food could decrease
absorption
-involuntary movements
-postural hypotension
-dysrhythmias
-confusion, paranoia, visual hallucinations, nightmares
-darkens sweat and urine (harmless)
-hypertensive crisis if taken with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) - ANS-dopamine replacement drug for Parkinson's disease
-carbidopa increases the percentage of levodopa available to brain
-decreases stimulation of medullary emetic center so less N/V
-increase stability of symptom control
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lydiaomutho. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for CA$11.46. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79650 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now