Exam (elaborations)
Funds Exam 4 (1).
- Course
- HESI Fundamentals Practice
- Institution
- HESI Fundamentals Practice
Exam of 13 pages for the course HESI Fundamentals Practice at HESI Fundamentals Practice (Funds Exam 4 (1).)
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Funds Exam 4Nutrition - CORRECT ANSWER-•Study of food
•How it affects the body and influences health
•Adequate nutrition - CORRECT ANSWER-essential to wellness
Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER-process through which the body converts food into energy
MyPlate - CORRECT ANSWER-fruits (red), vegetables (green), grains (orange), protein (purple),
dairy (blue)
Nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER-•Building blocks for cells and tissues
•Found in foods
•Changed and used in the body through metabolism
Anabolism - CORRECT ANSWER-process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones.
requires energy
Catabolism - CORRECT ANSWER-breaking down, releases energy
•Macronutrients - CORRECT ANSWER-•Supply the body with energy
•Carbohydrates, proteins, fats
•Micronutrients - CORRECT ANSWER-•Help manufacture, repair, and maintain cells
•Vitamins and minerals
Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER-•Primary energy source
•4 calories per gram
•Stored as glycogen
Carbohydrates •Types - CORRECT ANSWER-•Simple
•Sugars, honey, syrup
•Complex
•Dietary fiber, legumes, vegetables, breads, grains,
•Dietary fiber - CORRECT ANSWER-legumes, vegetables, breads, grains
What are proteins? - CORRECT ANSWER-•Tissue building/wound healing
•4 calories per gram
•Nitrogen balance
starts breakdown with pepsin but mostly in small intestine
types of proteins - CORRECT ANSWER-•Amino acids
•Complete protein foods - animal sources
•Incomplete protein foods - vegans
Lipids (fats) - CORRECT ANSWER-•Key component of lipoproteins (phospholipids)
•Back-up energy source
•9 calories per gram
•Organ insulation/protection
, LDL - deposit cholesterol
HDL - clean cholesterol
vitamins DEAK
Types of lipids - CORRECT ANSWER-•Fatty acids (sources)
•Essential - body cannot manufacture
•Fatty fish, polyunsaturated vegetable oils
•Saturated - bad fat
•Meats, dairy, coconut & palm oil
•Unsaturated
•Olives, nuts, avocados
Micronutrients - CORRECT ANSWER-•Needed only in small amounts
•Regulate body functions
micronutrient components - CORRECT ANSWER-•Vitamins
•Fat-soluble
•A, D, E, K - stored in the body
•Water-soluble
•B-complex, C
•Minerals
•Major - calcium
•Trace
Vitamin A food sources - CORRECT ANSWER-Yellow fruit, fish liver oil
Vitamin D food sources - CORRECT ANSWER-sun and fortified milk
Vitamin K food sources - CORRECT ANSWER-green leafy vegetables and liver
Calcium food sources - CORRECT ANSWER-Milk and sardines, Egg yolks, nuts, broccoli, and
legumes
Potassium food sources - CORRECT ANSWER-include bananas, peaches, molasses, meats,
avocados, milk, shellfish, dates, figs, and potatoes
Sodium food sources - CORRECT ANSWER-Table salt, meat, eggs, spinach, carrots, beets,
baking soda, and baking powder
Iron food sources - CORRECT ANSWER-Meats, eggs, spinach, seafood, broccoli, peas, bran
water - CORRECT ANSWER-•Makes up large percentage of body weight
•Solvent for chemical processes
•Transports substances
•Form for tissues
•Maintains body temperature
•Lubricant
•Catalyst
Energy Balance Concepts - CORRECT ANSWER-•Energy in nutrients measured in calories
•Calories "in" must equal calories burned
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