Exam (elaborations)
Nursing 230 Exam -2 Hygiene and Infection Control (1)
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- Nursing 2024
Nursing 230 Exam -2 Hygiene and Infection Control (1)
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Nursing 230 Exam #2 Hygiene and InfectionControl
What is the chain of infection in order? (6) - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Infectious Agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of Exit
4. Mode of Transmission
5. Portal of Entry
6. Susceptible Host
Part of the chain of infection: bacteria, viruses, fungi that can all cause an infection are called
what? - CORRECT ANSWER-infectious agent
Part of the chain of infection: natural habitat of the organism (its home/breading area), could be a
person, animal, environment such as water or soil - CORRECT ANSWER-reservoir
Part of the chain of infection: point of escape for the organism (basically how it is transmitted) for
example: sneezing, coughing, touching others, can be on surfaces or inanimate objects -
CORRECT ANSWER-portal of exit
Part of the chain of infection: how the infectious agents gets from one place to the next, can be
from direct contact (up close, kissing, skin to skin contact), indirect contact (airborne such as
droplets), or vector borne (fleas, ticks, flies, mosquitos to spread the agent to the host), vehicle
born (nonliving object that carries and agent to the host) - CORRECT ANSWER-means of
transmission
Part of the chain of infection: point at which organisms enter a new host (how it gets into the host,
usually through mucous membranes) - CORRECT ANSWER-portal of entry
Part of the chain of infection: must overcome resistance mounted by host's defenses (usually if
they have been previously infected or are vaccinated), not everyone is equally as susceptible -
CORRECT ANSWER-susceptible host
A means of transmission that occurs when microorganisms move from an infected person to
another person directly - CORRECT ANSWER-contact
A means of transmission that occurs when airborne droplets from the respiratory tract of a client
travel through the aur and into the mucosa of a host (usually travel a short distance and go into
mouth, nose, eyes) - CORRECT ANSWER-droplet
A means of transmission that occurs when small particles move into the airspace of another
person - CORRECT ANSWER-airborne
What are the 5 stages of infection? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. incubation
2. prodromal
3. acute illness/invasive stage
4. decline
5. convalescence
, A stage of infection: an infection enters host and begins to multiply - CORRECT
ANSWER-incubation
A stage of infection: the client begins having symptoms, can be hours or days, this is when you
are the most contagious and may not know because of the vague symptoms (runny nose, cough,
sneezing, sore throat, fever, malaise) - CORRECT ANSWER-prodromal
A stage of infection: manifestations of the specific infectious disease process are obvious and may
become severe (worst symptoms appear here) - CORRECT ANSWER-acute illness/invasive
stage
A stage of infection: manifestations begin to subside as the degree of the infectious disease
decreases (usually takes a few days) - CORRECT ANSWER-decline
A stage of infection: the client returns to a normal or a "new normal" state of health - CORRECT
ANSWER-convalescence
A type of infection confined to one area of the body and can be treated with topical antibiotics and
oral antibiotics - CORRECT ANSWER-local infections
A type of infection that starts as a local infection and then spreads to the bloodstream to infect the
entire body - CORRECT ANSWER-systemic infection
During which stage of infection is the patient most contagious? - CORRECT ANSWER-prodromal
stage
Part of the immune system: first responder to injury, eat bacteria through phagocytosis.
Usually associated with acute infection that produces pus, stress response.
They decrease the risk of acute bacterial infections - CORRECT ANSWER-Neutrophils
(55%-70%)
Part of the immune system: fight chronic bacterial infections, fight acute viruses - CORRECT
ANSWER-Lymphocytes (20%-40%)
Part of the immune system: phagocytes that clean up tissue damage from injury or infection,
produces interferons, enhance the immune system - CORRECT ANSWER-Monocytes (2%-8%)
Part of the immune system: active and allergic reactions and parasitic infections, can perform
phagocytosis, fight inflammation and infection - CORRECT ANSWER-Eosinophils (1%-4%)
Part of the immune system: release histamine, serotonin, and heparin, can perform phagocytosis -
CORRECT ANSWER-Basophils (0.5%-1%)
What are the bodies two lines of defense? - CORRECT ANSWER-inflammatory response and
immune response
a type of response by the body that is part of the bodies healing process and can be infectious or
non-infectious, it allows for tissue repair, s/s include heat, redness, swelling, pain, localized loss of
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