Exam (elaborations)
Nursing 180 The Magnificent Seven (1
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- Nursing 2024
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- Nursing 2024
Nursing 180 The Magnificent Seven (1
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Nursing 180 The Magnificent Seventhe magnificent seven - CORRECT ANSWER-sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride,
phosphate and bicarbonate
sodium - CORRECT ANSWER-135-145 mEq/L, most abundant cation in ECF and contributes to
serum osmolality
hypernatremia - CORRECT ANSWER->145 mEq/L
critical hypernatremia - CORRECT ANSWER->160 mEq/L
Hypernatremia S/S - CORRECT ANSWER--excessive thirst
-elevated temp
-dry sticky membranes
-restlessness, lethargy and disorientation
hypernatremia nursing considerations - CORRECT ANSWER--monitor fluid loses and gains
-check urine specific gravity
-maintain serum sodium and BUN
Hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWER-<135 mEq/L
Critical Hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWER-< 115-120 mEq/L
Hyponatremia S/S - CORRECT ANSWER--lethargy
-confusion
-muscle twitching
-seizures
-nausea
-vomiting
-anorexia
-abdominal cramping
hyponatremia nursing considerations - CORRECT ANSWER--monitor fluid loses and gains
-seizure precautions
-avoid large amounts of fluid
potassium - CORRECT ANSWER-3.5-5.3 mEq/L, vital for skeletal cardiac and smooth muscle
function
hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER-> 5.3 mEq/L
critical hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER-> 7.0 mEq/L
Hyperkalemia S/S - CORRECT ANSWER--cardiac arrhythmias
-cardiac arrest
-irritability
-anxiety
-parethesias
-nausea
, -vomiting
treatments for hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER-calcium glutinate, insulin and glucose, and
sodium polystyrene sulfonate
hyperkalemia nursing considerations - CORRECT ANSWER-avoid potassium sparing diuretics
hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER-<3.5 mEq/L
critical hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER-<2.5 mEq/L
Hypokalemia S/S - CORRECT ANSWER--cardiac arrhythmias
-muscle cramps
-paresthesias
-weakness
-fatigue
-anorexia
-decreased bowel motility
hypokalemia nursing considerations - CORRECT ANSWER-patients taking digoxin at higher risk
and educate on the use of laxatives and diuretics
calcium - CORRECT ANSWER-9-11 mg/dL, involved in skeletal maintenance, regulating muscle
contraction (cardiac) and neuromuscular function
hypercalcemia - CORRECT ANSWER-> 11 mg/dL
Hypercalcemia S/S - CORRECT ANSWER--cardiac dysrhtymias
-confusion
-headache
-fatigue, weakness and lethargy
-decreased deep tendon reflexes
-anorexia
-nausea and vomiting
hypercalcemia treatments - CORRECT ANSWER-discontinuation of thiazide diuretics, vitamin and
mineral supplements and a low calcium diet
hypercalcemia nursing considerations - CORRECT ANSWER-encourage fluid intake
hypocalcemia - CORRECT ANSWER-<9 mg/dL
Hypocalcemia S/S - CORRECT ANSWER--EKG changes
-bradycardia
-seizure precautions
-tetany
-tingling
-muscle spasms
-increased deep tendon reflexes
-hypotension can occur
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