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The Excretory System Notes
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These notes offer a thorough examination of the excretory system, going into depth into the complex functions of the organs and the procedures involved in eliminating waste from our bodies. This extensive document provides concise and thorough explanations of all the major parts and operations of ...

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  • July 23, 2024
  • 3
  • 2023/2024
  • Class notes
  • Jonah wilfred
  • All classes

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  • Secondary school
  • 9th Grade
  • Biology
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Available practice questions

The Excretory System Flashcards

Flashcards 19 Flashcards
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Flashcards 19 Flashcards
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Some examples from this set of practice questions

1.

What is the main function of the excretory system?

Answer: To remove waste products and excess substances from the blood in order to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, eliminate metabolic waste, and protect the body\'s internal balance.

2.

Where are the kidneys located?

Answer: On either side of the spine, retroperitoneally (behind the peritoneum).

3.

What are the main parts of the kidney?

Answer: Cortex (outer region), medulla (inner region with renal pyramids), and renal pelvis (funnel-shaped structure collecting urine).

4.

What are the primary functions of the kidneys?

Answer: Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

5.

What is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?

Answer: The nephron.

6.

What are the two main parts of the nephron?

Answer: Renal corpuscle (glomerulus and Bowman\'s capsule) and renal tubule (PCT, loop of Henle, DCT, and connecting tubule).

7.

What processes occur in the nephron?

Answer: Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.

8.

What is the function of the ureters?

Answer: To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder through peristaltic contractions.

9.

What is the primary function of the urinary bladder?

Answer: To store urine until it is released.

10.

What are the differences between the male and female urethra?

Answer: The male urethra is longer, passes through the penis, and also facilitates the flow of semen, while the female urethra is shorter and connects to the external genitalia.

Content preview

The Excretory System
~Notes~

Introduction:

The excretory system, sometimes referred to as the urinary system, is in charge of eliminating excess
substances and waste items from the blood in order to preserve the internal balance of the body. It is
essential for maintaining electrolyte and fluid balance as well as for getting rid of metabolic waste.




Main Components of the Excretory System:

1. Kidneys
○ Structure:
■ Location: Situated on either side of the spine retroperitoneally, or behind the
peritoneum.
■ Shape: Bean-shaped organs, about 10-12 cm long.
■ Parts:
■ Cortex: Outer region of the kidney.
■ Medulla: Inner region, consisting of renal pyramids.
■ Renal Pelvis: Funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the
renal pyramids.
○ Function:
■ Filtration: Excess and waste materials are taken out of the blood.
■ Reabsorption: The body absorbs water and vital nutrients back into the
bloodstream.
■ Secretion: Additional waste products are secreted into the urine.
2. Nephrons
○ Structure: The kidneys' functioning units, each containing roughly a million nephrons.
○ Renal Corpuscle: Includes the glomerulus (a network of capillaries) and Bowman's
capsule (a cup-like structure that collects filtrate).
■ Renal Tubule: Consists of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), loop of Henle,
distal convoluted tubule (DCT), and connecting tubule.
○ Function:
■ Glomerular Filtration: Blood pressure forces water and solutes from the blood
into the Bowman's capsule.
■ Tubular Reabsorption: Selective reabsorption of water, ions, and nutrients
from the filtrate back into the blood.
■ Tubular Secretion: Additional substances are secreted from the blood into the
tubules for excretion.

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