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NUR 2060 (Pharmacology)- Biopsychosocial lect - EXAM 1 CONTENT Questions with correct Answers, 100% verified , Graded A+ latest update 2024 with complete solution
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NUR 2060 (Pharmacology)- Biopsychosocial lect - EXAM 1 CONTENT Questions with correct Answers, 100% verified , Graded A+ latest update 2024 with complete solution

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  • July 24, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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NUR
2060
(Pharmacology)-
Biopsychosocial
lect
-
EXAM
1
CONTENT
ADRs
during
pregnancy
-
ANS--Teratogenesis/birth
defects
-uterine
stimulation
(prostaglandins)
-uterine
suppression
(aspirin
late)
-drug-dependent
infant
(wean)
-respiratory
neonate
suppression
(CNS
meds)
Are
antacids
appropriate
for
treating
peptic
ulcer
disease
(PUD)?
-
ANS-No,
they
are
inappropriate
for
PUD
treatment.
By
what
age
are
most
organs
approximate
to
maturity
of
adults?
-
ANS-1
year
old
Causes
of
Complications
in
Older
Adults
-
ANS--multiple
meds
-complex
regimines
-noncompliance
-OTC
drug
interactions
(herbals
too)
-multiple
prescribers
-expense
-cognitive
alterations
(dementia
-
forgot)
Describe
effects
to
blood
brain
barrier
with
giving
drugs
to
neonate/infants...
-
ANS-immature
CNS
which
increases
susceptibility
to
drugs
that
affect
the
CNS
Describe
fat
soluble
and
water
soluble
drug
distribution
in
geriatric
patients...
-
ANS--fat
soluble
drugs=
distributed
widely
&
long
residual
effects
-water
soluble
drugs=
higher
concentration
due
to
low
total
body
water
Describe
metabolism
and
excretion
of
drugs
in
neonate/infants...
-
ANS-metabolism
and
excretion
is
low
so
dosages
are
lower
-hepatic
drug
metabolism:
liver
immature
-renal
drug
excretion:
kidneys
immature
Describe
protein
binding
with
giving
drugs
to
neonate/infants...
-
ANS-1.
albumin
levels
are
lower
in
neonates/infants
2.
endogenous
compounds
(i.e.
fatty
acids,
bilirubin)
compete
with
drugs
for
available
binding
sites
(increased
free
drugs
in
blood) Describe
transdermal
absorption
in
neonates/infants...
-
ANS-Transdermal
is
rapid
and
complete
(toxicity
risk)
Discuss
GI
absorption
in
neonates/infants...
-
ANS--may
be
increased
or
decreased
-Gastric
emptying
prolonged
and
gastric
ph
is
very
low
which
leads
to
increased
absorption
of
some
(stomach,
acid
labile)
-decreased
of
others
(intestine)
-absorption
is
erratic
(unpredictable)
Embryonic
period
(week
3-week
8)
-
ANS-Stage
of
fetal
development
where:
-increased
risk
for
gross
malformation
FDA
early
attempts
at
Risk
Management
-
ANS-earlier
attempts
included:
-use
of
patient
package
inserts
-med
guides
-restricted
access
programs
-classification
of
drugs
as
controlled
substances
Fetal
period
(week
9-term)
-
ANS-Stage
of
fetal
development
where:
-increased
risk
for
behavioral
&
developmental
effects
Food
and
Drug
Administration
Amendments
Act
(2007)
-
ANS-gave
the
FDA
authority
to
subject
drugs
to
new
risk
identification
and
communication
strategies,
called
Risk
Evaluation
and
Mitigation
Strategies
(REMS),
in
the
postmarketing
period
Give
an
example
of
a
bulk-forming
laxative.
-
ANS-Psyllium
(Metamucil).
Give
an
example
of
a
stimulant
laxative.
-
ANS-Bisacodyl
(Dulcolax).
Give
an
example
of
a
surfactant
laxative/stool
softener.
-
ANS-Docusate
sodium
(Colace).
Give
an
example
of
a
systemic
antacid.
-
ANS-Sodium
bicarbonate
(baking
soda).
Give
an
example
of
an
osmotic
laxative.
-
ANS-Milk
of
magnesia
(MOM).
Give
examples
of
nonsystemic
antacids.
-
ANS-Calcium
carbonate
(Tums),
magnesium
hydroxide
(Milk
of
Magnesia),
aluminum
hydroxide
(Amphogel).
How
can
complications
in
the
older
adult
be
managed?
-
ANS-Calendars,
large
print,
regimen,
family
member,
home
health
aid,
pill
box
How
can
drugs
in
breast
milk
potentially
cause
harm?
-
ANS-If
the
concentration
of
drugs
in
breast
milk
is
high
enough,
it
could
harm
the
infant. How
do
butyrophenones
work?
-
ANS-They
antagonize
dopamine
and
alpha
receptors.
How
do
laxatives
work?
-
ANS-They
ease
defecation,
soften
stool,
increase
stool
volume,
hasten
fecal
passage,
facilitate
rectal
evacuation
How
do
NSAIDs
contribute
to
ulcers?
-
ANS-They
inhibit
the
biosynthesis
of
prostaglandins,
which
help
protect
the
stomach
lining.
How
does
age
affect
the
distribution
of
fat-soluble
drugs?
-
ANS-Distributed
and
long
residual
effect
How
does
age
affect
the
distribution
of
water-soluble
drugs?
-
ANS-Increased
concentration
How
does
drug-metabolizing
capacity
change
after
2
years
of
age?
-
ANS-It
gradually
declines.
How
does
H.
pylori
affect
the
stomach?
-
ANS-It
degrades
the
mucus
layer
and
increases
the
risk
of
stomach
cancer.
How
does
lubiprostone
work?
-
ANS-It
enhances
motility
and
fluid
secretion
in
the
small
intestine.
How
does
pharmacokinetics
change
with
age?
-
ANS-Most
organs
are
mature
by
age
1,
making
pharmacokinetics
similar
to
adults.
How
does
sulfasalazine
work?
-
ANS-It
decreases
inflammation
by
reducing
prostaglandin
synthesis.
How
does
the
immature
blood
brain
barrier
in
infants
and
neonates
affect
drug
susceptibility?
-
ANS-The
immature
blood
brain
barrier
increases
susceptibility
to
drugs
that
affect
the
central
nervous
system.
How
effective
are
antiemetics?
-
ANS-They
are
very
effective
in
preventing
and
treating
nausea
and
vomiting.
How
is
pediatric
dose
sometimes
determined?
-
ANS-Extrapolated
from
adult
dose.
How
long
does
diarrhea
usually
last?
-
ANS-1-3
days.
How
long
is
a
typical
course
of
antibiotic
regimen?
-
ANS-A
14-day
course
or
longer
is
usually
needed.
How
should
patients
balance
their
antacid
medications?
-
ANS-To
control
adverse
drug
reactions
(ADR).

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