Exam (elaborations)
Principles of Biomedical Science - PLTW Unit 3 (1).
Principles of Biomedical Science - PLTW Unit 3 (1).
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Principles of Biomedical Science - PLTW Unit 3Anemia - ANS-A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in
total volume.
Blood Plasma - ANS-The pale yellow fluid portion of whole blood that consists of water and its
dissolved constituents including, sugars, lipids, metabolic waste products, amino acids,
hormones, and vitamins.
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) - ANS-Any of the hemoglobin-containing cells that carry oxygen
to the tissues and are responsible for the red color of vertebrate blood.
Hematocrit - ANS-The percent of the volume of whole blood that is composed of red blood cells
as determined by separation of red blood cells from the plasma usually by centrifugation.
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) - ANS-Any of the blood cells that are colorless, lack
hemoglobin, contain a nucleus, and include the lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils,
eosinophils, and basophils.
Sickle Cell Disease - ANS-Individuals who are homozygous for the gene controlling hemoglobin
S (recessive ss genotype). The disease is characterized by the destruction of red blood cells
and by episodic blocking of blood vessels by the adherence of sickle cells to the vascular
endothelium.
Thrombocytes (Platelets) - ANS-A minute colorless anucleate disklike body of mammalian blood
that assists in blood clotting by adhering to damaged epithelium.
Amino Acid - ANS-An organic monomer which serves as a building block of proteins.
Anticodon - ANS-A triplet of nucleotide bases in transfer RNA that identifies the amino acid
carried and binds to a complementary codon in messenger RNA during protein synthesis at a
ribosome.
Codon - ANS-A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino
acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
Hydrophillic - ANS-Having an affinity for water.
Hydrophobic - ANS-Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) - ANS-A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA and attached to
ribosomes in the cytoplasm; it specifies the primary structure of a protein.
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