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PN2006 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PN2006 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS what is a cardiovascular accident? Also known as a myocardial infarction (MI) or heart attack - sudden decrease in blood flow or an increase in myocardial O2 demand w/o proper coronary perfusion - MI occurs because of ischemia (reversible and necrosis (irreversible) of myocardial tissue - after 20 min cellular death occurs what are the S&S of an MI? Men? Men - CHEST PAIN (resting or exertion) radiates to shoulders, arm, teeth, jaw, th roat - crushing squeezing or stabbing what are the S&S of a MI? Women? Woman - pressure, tightness - atypical symptoms: nausea, indigestion, fatigue, SOB what are the S&S of an MI? Older adult? dyspnea, confusion, indigestion, syncope (fainting), epigastric di stress, nausea, heartburn What is ischemia? an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles. What is necrosis? cell/tissue death from lack of O2 what does tx mean? treatment What is the treatment of a MI or cardiovascular accident directed towards? reducing hypoxia (no O2 in tissues), pain relief, treating shock, reducing arrhythmias What is the treatment of a MI or cardiovascular accident? - thrombolytic therapy (IV drugs to dissolve blood clots within 30 m in) - analgesics for pain - nitrates or other vasodilation drugs for improving blood flow - diuretics to reduce blood volume - anticoagulants to prevent thrombus formation What are some nursing considerations related to acute pain for a cardiovascular accident? - administer 2L O2 - administer nitroglycerin every 5 min X 3 - IV morphine What are some nursing education points to teach r/t a MI? - gradual exercise - med admin - smoking cessation - diet modifications - monitor BP + pulse - resuming sexual activity (1 week later) What are abnormal heart sounds? What do they sound like? heart murmurs - whooshing or blowing Normal heart sound names? S1 - 1st sound (mitral, tricuspid= atrioventricular valves) heard ov er the apex LUB S2 - 2nd sound (semilunar valves = aortic and pulmonic valves) heard over b ase DUB How is S1 heart sound made? (What valves?) Where is it heard louder? S1 - 1st sound of mitral and tricuspid or atrioventricular valves - heard over apex (bottom of ❤️ heart or carotid artery) louder - sound made = "LUB" How is S2 heart sound made? (What valves?) Where is it heard louder?The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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