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CNM Cardiovascular Pathology || with 100% Error-free Solutions.
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Hypercholesterolaemia correct answers high cholesterol in the blood Defect chromosome 9 = inability to remove LDL low-density lipoprotein from blood Hypertension Diabetes mellitus Obesity Smoking Sedentary Diet Alcoholism What is Arteriosclerosis correct answers thickening & loss of ...

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  • July 26, 2024
  • 7
  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • hypercholesterolaemia

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  • CNM Cardiovascular Pathology
  • CNM Cardiovascular Pathology

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CNM Cardiovascular Pathology || with 100% Error-free Solutions.
Hypercholesterolaemia correct answers high cholesterol in the blood
Defect chromosome 9 = inability to remove LDL low-density lipoprotein from blood
Hypertension Diabetes mellitus Obesity Smoking Sedentary
Diet
Alcoholism
What is Arteriosclerosis correct answers thickening & loss of elasticity in arterial wall
What is Atherosclerosis cont correct answers formation of atherosclerotic plagues in the walls of arteries - disrupt blood flow to organs effects mainly large - medium arteries
Define thrombus correct answers a blood clot formed in situ within the vascular system of the body and impeding blood flow (static) - Thrombosis - a healthy response to stop bleeding - that can then cause blood clotting
Define embolus correct answers anything that travels through the blood vessels until it reaches a vessel that is too small to let it pass (from point of origin)
Atherosclerosis pathophysiology correct answers Oxidative damage of vascular endothelium creating inflammation LDLs deposited - damage tunica intima & attract phagocytes Macrophages surround fatty material and create foam cells resulting in a proliferation of smooth muscle cells and a cap over the plaque
Define Ischaemia correct answers a restriction/inadequate blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen that is needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive). generally caused by blockages in blood vessels, with resultant damage / dysfunction of tissue
Atherosclerosis Cause & Risk correct answers Hereditary - male 45+
Women SeA/Af?Car 55+
Hyper - cholesterol/lipaemia/tension diabetes, obesity, smoking, stress, sedentary, alcoholism
Atherosclerosis S/S correct answers Angina pectoris - ischaemic pain in chest, arms (from thrombosis & embolism ) Stroke - (thrombosis, embolism, haemorrhage)
Intermittent claudication - ischaemic lower limb pain worse with exercise
Define infarction correct answers the obstruction of the blood supply to an organ or region of tissue, typically by a thrombus or embolus, causing local death of the tissue.
Atherosclerosis complications correct answers Myocardial infarction MI-heart muscle tissue death
Aneurysm - an excessive localised swelling of the . . wall of an artery- bulging Embolism - embolus, mobile blood clot travels . . . . and causes blockage Haemorrhage - due to calcified plaques
Angina Pectoris correct answers Ischaemic heart disease - obstruction, spasm of . . . . coronary arteries Symptoms result from myocardial blood supply demands not being met
Not Cardiac arrest or heart attack
two types of angina S/S correct answers 1. Stable - pain precipitated by exercise 2. Unstable - occurs randomly Heavy constricting chest pain radiating t neck, left shoulder and jaw - eases on rest Dyspnoea
define Dyspnoea correct answers Dys = difficulty pnoea = breathing
Stroke correct answers Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
disruption of blood supply to brain
Name 3 types of stroke correct answers Ischaemic stroke - thrombus / embolism Haemorrhagic stroke - rupture / aneurysm Transient ischaemic stroke - mini stroke, temporary
Aneurysm correct answers Abnormal dilation of artery due to weakness in vessel wall usually secondary to atherosclerosis
Two common Aneurysms correct answers AAA - Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm - asym - burst . . =fatal
Berry Aneurysm - cerebrum = haemorrhage
name 3 types of aneurysm correct answers 1. Saccular - single side bulge/ sack like - unilateral 2. Fusiform - balloons bulges all around 3.Dissecting-artery wall rips dissects longitudinally. . This occurs because bleeding into the . weakened wall splits the wall. Dissecting aneurysms tend to affect the thoracic aorta

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