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AP Computer Science Principles AP TEST REVIEW 2024
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AP Computer Science Principles AP TEST REVIEW
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AP Computer Science Principles: AP TEST REVIEWInnovation - Answer -A novel or improved idea, device, product, etc., or the development thereof.
Binary Question - Answer -A question to which there are only two possible answers
Binary Message - Answer -A message that can only be one of two possible values
Bit - Answer -A contraction of "Binary Digit"; the single unit of information in a computer,
typically represented usually as a 0 or 1
Bit rate (sometimes written bitrate) - Answer -- The number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time
bits transmitted/time (seconds) - Answer -How do you calculate bit rate?
Bandwidth - Answer -Transmission capacity measured by bit rate
Latency - Answer -Time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver
Protocol - Answer -Set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between
devices
Electricity - Answer -Ethernet wire sends bits via electricity connected by copper but loses signal loss over a few hundred feet.
Light - Answer -Send bits using fiber optic cable that can go across the globe without signal loss however it is costly and hard to work with
Radio Waves - Answer -Transmitted bits as __________ _________ where bits are translated from 1's and 0's into radio waves and then receiver has to translate back to 1's and 0's, but doesn't travel long distances without signal loss
American Standard Code for Information Interchange - Answer -ASCII; the universally recognized raw text format that any computer can understand
Abstraction - Answer -A simplified representation of something more complex. details - Answer -Abstractions allow you to hide __________
complexity - Answer -Abstractions help you manage ________________
relevant - Answer -Abstractions help you focus on __________ concepts
problems - Answer -Abstractions help you reason about _____________ at a higher level
binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal - Answer -What are the different bases that are used to represent digital data
16 - Answer -what base does hexadecimal use
cheaper, easier, more reliable - Answer -3 Reasons Computers are built in Binary
64 (values 0-63) - Answer -How many distinct values can we represent with 6 bits of data?
electricity, radio waves, light - Answer -3 types of communication transmissions
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) - Answer -A loosely organized collection of citizens and engineers who communicate mostly by email.
Request for Comments (RFC) - Answer -RFC Documents are how standards and protocols are defined and published for all to see on the IETF.
IP (Internet Protocol) Address - Answer -A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet.
Packets - Answer -Small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information.
Network Redundancy - Answer -Having multiple backups to ensure reliability during cases of high usage or failure.
Router - Answer -A type of computer that forwards data across a network
2, rerouted - Answer -Packets travel between ___ computers on the Internet may be _______________ many times along the way or even lost or "dropped".
independently - Answer -Routers act ____________ and route packets as they see fit.
numbered - Answer -Packets are _______________ so if they arrive out of order the message can be reassembled. different - Answer -Packets are routed on _____________ paths from sender to receiver.
confirm - Answer -Receiver computer must ____________ to the sending computer that
each packet was received.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - Answer -Provides reliable, ordered, and error-
checked delivery of a stream of packets on the Internet.
IP - Answer -TCP is tightly linked with ________ and usually seen as TCP/______ in writing. (Same word, so only type in one word for answer)
order - Answer -TCP accounts for the fact that packets may not arrive at a destination computer in the intended ___________.
packets - Answer -Messages are broken into _____________ to improve reliability of the internet.
DNS (Domain Name System) - Answer -The Internet's system for converting alphabetic names into numeric IP addresses.
DNS - Answer -Computer resolves a domain name into an IP address by asking a ____________ server for the corresponding IP Address.
DNS - Answer -What System solves the issue that it is inefficient to have everyone on the Internet maintain their own list of IP addresses.
DNS - Answer -The issue that when someone new joins the Internet they must inform everyone else of the new IP address is solved by what system?
DNS - Answer -When an IP address changes, it is impossible to locate a computer until the owner announces the change. This problem is solved by what system?
Domain Name System - Answer -What does DNS stand for?
Hierarchy - Answer -Allows the internet to scale billions of IP Addresses
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) - Answer -The protocol used by the World Wide Web.
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) - Answer -What describes how messages are formatted and interchanges, and how web servers respond to commands.
multiple - Answer -Displaying a web page will often require __________ HTTP requests
in order to acquire all the necessary data.
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