Class notes

Chemistry 0620 Topic 8 Notes - The Periodic Table

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Course
Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry

Institution
Fourth Year / 10th Grade

These topic notes have been made in conjunction with the 0620 Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry syllabus, utilising diagrams and explanations from various study resources. They cover all the syllabus statements for Topic 8 of the syllabus - The Periodic Table. The notes are written in concise bullet points...

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Uploaded on July 31, 2024
Number of pages 8
Written in 2022/2023
Type Class notes
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chemistry
cambridge igcse
igcse chemistry
topic notes
topic 5 notes
chemistry topic 5
summary notes
diagrams
the periodic table notes
the periodic table

Institution Secondary school
Course
Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry
School year 2

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Topic 8: The periodic table

8.1 ARRANGEMENT OF ELEMENTS--------------------
PERIODIC TABLE
● Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, where each element has one proton
more than the element preceding it
● Vertical columns = Groups (I - VIII), shows how many outer electrons each element has
○ Eg Group IV elements have atoms with 4 electrons in the outermost shell, Group 6 elements
have atoms with 6 electrons in the outermost shells
● Horizontal rows = Periods (1-7), shows the number of shells of electrons an atom has
○ Eg elements in Period 2 have two electron shells, elements in Period 3 have three electron
shells

PERIODIC TABLE RULES
1) Proton number = atomic number (# protons = # electrons)
2) Red zigzag line separates metals from nonmetals
3) Transition metals = Period 6 and Period 7

, PATTERNS AND TRENDS
1) Main-group elements tend to form cations with a charge equal to the group number
● Group 1 and 1+ ions, Group 2 and 2+ ions
2) When atoms collide and react, it is the outer electrons that meet and interact. So, elements in the
same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in
their outer shell
3) The Periodic Table can also be used to predict boiling point, melting point, density and many more
properties by comparing to nearby elements
4) Most reactive elements are near the left and right-hand sides
5) Least reactive elements are in the centre
6) Poor metals - below the steps separating metals from non-metals are fairly unreactive and have
some properties like non-metals

8.2 GROUP I PROPERTIES - ALKALI METALS (1 valence electron)---------------------
● Relatively soft metals with general trends going down the group

PROPERTY CHARACTER

Appearance Shiny but quickly form a dull layer of oxide/tarnish.

Strength Soft metals - easily cut with a knife
● Become even softer and denser as you move down the group

M.p and b.p

Low compared with other metals due to its weak metallic bonds. M.p and b.p
decrease as you move down

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