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HIEU 2041 Week 13 (1).
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- HIEU202- Imperialism: Western Global Expansion
HIEU 2041 Week 13 (1).
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HIEU2041
Week
13
Constantius
-
ANS-Roman
Emperor;
2nd
son
of
Constantine
the
Great.
Born
in
317
AD,
he
was
appointed
Caesar
by
his
father.
Following
Constantine's
death
in
337
AD,
the
empire
was
divided
among
his
three
surviving
sons,
with
Constantius
inheriting
the
eastern
provinces.
After
a
series
of
conflicts
with
his
brothers,
he
became
the
sole
ruler
of
the
Roman
Empire
from
353
AD
until
his
death
in
361
AD.
His
reign
was
marked
by
significant
military
and
administrative
challenges,
including
defending
the
empire
against
external
barbarian
threats
and
internal
usurpers.
Date:
Constantius
II
reigned
as
sole
emperor
from
353
to
360
AD.
Location:
His
rule
extended
across
the
Roman
Empire.
Significance:
Constantius
II's
reign
was
notable
for
his
efforts
to
defend
the
empire
against
various
barbarian
groups,
particularly
in
Gaul
where
he
had
some
success.
His
military
campaigns
and
diplomatic
maneuvers
helped
maintain
Roman
authority
in
a
period
of
increasing
external
pressures.
Additionally,
his
reign
saw
the
continuation
of
the
establishment
of
Christianity
as
a
dominant
force
within
the
empire.
His
religious
policies,
however,
also
fostered
division,
particularly
through
his
support
of
Arianism
over
the
Nicene
orthodoxy.
Constantius
II's
death
led
to
the
brief
rule
of
Julian,
who
attempted
to
restore
paganism
as
the
state
religion.
Theodosius
I
-
ANS-Roman
Emperor
from
379
AD
until
his
death
in
395
AD.
He
came
to
power
following
the
death
of
Emperor
Valens
and
the
disastrous
defeat
of
Roman
forces
by
the
Goths
at
the
Battle
of
Adrianople
in
378
AD.
Recognizing
the
changing
dynamics
of
power
within
the
empire
and
the
increasing
strength
of
the
barbarian
tribes,
Theodosius
made
a
significant
policy
shift
by
allowing
the
Goths
to
settle
within
the
borders
of
the
empire
as
foederati
(allied
peoples),
under
their
own
rulers
and
largely
by
their
own
laws.
Date:
Theodosius
I
ruled
as
emperor
from
379
to
395
AD.
Location:
His
policies
and
reign
impacted
the
entire
Roman
Empire,
though
his
decision
regarding
the
Goths
was
particularly
influential
in
the
Balkans.
Significance:
Theodosius
I's
reign
is
marked
by
several
key
developments
in
Roman
history.
His
decision
to
allow
the
Goths
to
settle
within
the
empire
as
semi-autonomous
allies
was
unprecedented
and
set
a
precedent
for
the
future
interactions
between
Rome
and
various
barbarian
groups.
This
policy
was
both
innovative
and
controversial
as
it
aimed
to
integrate
these
groups
into
the
Roman
military
system
without
fully
assimilating
them
into
Roman
society,
which
some
historians
argue
weakened
internal
cohesion
and
contributed
to
the
eventual
fall
of
the
Western
Roman
Empire.
Theodosius
was
also
significant
for
making
Nicene
Christianity
the
state
religion
of
the
Roman
Empire,
effectively
outlawing
pagan
practices,
which
had
a
profound
impact
on
the
cultural
and
religious
landscape
of
the
empire.
Alaric
-
ANS-Visigothic
king,
best
known
for
his
role
in
the
sack
of
Rome
in
410
AD,
an
event
that
symbolized
the
decline
of
the
Roman
Empire.
Before
his
infamous
sack
of
Rome,
Alaric
served
as
a
leader
within
the
Roman
military
structure,
rising
to
the
rank
of
a
high-ranking general.
He
was
born
into
a
prominent
Gothic
family
around
370
AD
and
initially
fought
for
the
Romans
against
other
barbarian
groups.
Date:
Alaric
sacked
Rome
in
410
AD.
Location:
His
activities
were
mainly
in
the
Western
Roman
Empire,
culminating
in
his
march
through
Italy
and
the
eventual
sack
of
Rome.
Significance:
Alaric's
career
highlights
the
complexity
of
Roman-barbarian
relations
during
the
late
Empire.
His
military
service
for
Rome
demonstrates
the
empire's
increasing
reliance
on
barbarian
troops
to
maintain
its
military
strength.
The
sack
of
Rome
in
410,
while
not
the
final
end
of
the
empire,
was
a
profound
psychological
blow
to
the
Roman
world
and
marked
a
significant
point
in
the
transition
from
the
Roman
to
the
post-Roman
era
in
Western
Europe.
His
leadership
and
actions
also
underscored
the
shifting
balance
of
power
away
from
the
traditional
Roman
authorities
towards
regional
barbarian
leaders.
Valens
-
ANS-Roman
Emperor
from
364
to
378
AD
and
the
younger
brother
of
Emperor
Valentinian
I,
who
appointed
him
to
rule
the
Eastern
Roman
Empire.
His
reign
was
marked
by
challenges,
including
economic
issues,
religious
disputes,
and
threats
from
barbarian
tribes.
Date:
Valens
ruled
from
364
to
378
AD.
Location:
He
governed
the
Eastern
Roman
Empire,
which
included
the
Balkans,
where
he
met
his
end.
Significance:
Valens
is
perhaps
best
known
for
his
role
in
the
Battle
of
Adrianople
on
August
9,
378
AD,
where
he
was
killed.
This
battle
is
often
considered
one
of
the
most
significant
defeats
in
Roman
history.
Valens'
decision
to
engage
the
Goths
without
waiting
for
reinforcements
from
his
nephew
Gratian
or
his
brother
was
a
critical
error
that
led
to
a
devastating
defeat
for
the
Romans
and
the
death
of
Valens
himself.
The
battle
substantially
weakened
the
Roman
Empire,
led
to
the
increased
settlement
of
Goths
within
its
borders,
and
is
cited
by
many
historians
as
a
key
event
in
the
decline
of
the
Western
Roman
Empire.
Ostrogoths
-
ANS-branch
of
the
larger
Gothic
tribe
that
played
a
significant
role
in
the
post-Roman
history
of
Italy.
Under
their
leader,
Theodoric
the
Great,
they
took
control
of
Italy
in
493
AD
after
defeating
Odoacer,
who
had
himself
deposed
the
last
Western
Roman
emperor
in
476
AD.
Date:
The
Ostrogoths
conquered
Italy
in
493
AD.
Location:
Their
conquest
centered
on
the
Italian
Peninsula,
establishing
a
kingdom
that
lasted
until
the
mid-6th
century.
Significance:
The
Ostrogothic
conquest
of
Italy
is
notable
as
it
marked
the
definitive
end
of
Roman
imperial
rule
in
the
West.
While
the
traditional
date
for
the
fall
of
the
Western
Roman
Empire
is
476
AD,
when
the
last
Roman
emperor
was
deposed,
the
Ostrogothic
control
of
Italy
solidified
the
transition
from
Roman
to
barbarian
rule
in
the
West.
The
Ostrogothic
Kingdom
maintained
Roman
traditions
and
legal
systems,
representing
a
fusion
of
Roman
and
Germanic
cultures
that
characterized
much
of
the
early
medieval
period
in
Europe.
Julian
-
ANS-known
historically
as
Julian
the
Apostate,
was
a
Roman
Emperor
who
ruled
from
361
to
363
AD.
Nephew
of
Constantine
the
Great,
Julian
came
to
power
after
the
death
of
his
cousin
Constantius
II.
Unlike
his
predecessors
who
were
Christian,
Julian
is
known
for
his
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