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Intro to ethics For midterm Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update 2024
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Intro to ethics For midtermA good thing is one that fulfills its function well - ✔✔Aristotle makes the following argument about human
flourishing:
1. The function of a human being is to reason.
2.
3. Therefore, a good human is one who reasons well.
What is the implicit premise needed to make Aristotle's argument valid?
A judgment about obligations - ✔✔The statement "Everyone should respect a person's right to life" is making
what kind of a judgment?
a judgment about value - ✔✔The statement "Donating to charity makes the world a better place" is an
example of what kind of judgment?
a moral code does not explain what makes an action right but a moral theory can - ✔✔What is the difference
between a moral code that contains rules like "Do not steal" and a moral theory?
a territory in which there is no law and order - ✔✔According to Thomas Hobbes, what is the "state of nature"?
Action B, since more happiness is created than in any other option - ✔✔Carlos can choose between the
following three options. Action A results in 5 people gaining 10 units of happiness. Action B results in one
person gaining 100 units of happiness and 5 people losing 5 units of happiness. If Carlos does nothing, there
will be no change in anyone's happiness. According to act-utilitarianism, which option should Carlos choose?
allow the execution and ignore the evidence keeping ur knowledge to yourself - ✔✔Suppose that a person
who has been convicted in a high-profile murder case is about to be executed. If the execution goes as
planned, then dozens of potential murderers will be dissuaded from committing murders in the future, for fear
of being punished with the death penalty. However, there is strong evidence that the person convicted of the
high-profile murder is actually innocent, and only you have access to it. According to act-utilitarianism, what
should you do?
although there is no set formula for how to apply the criteria of adequacy that doesnt mean applying those
criteria is arbitrary or subjective - ✔✔What is demonstrated by comparing "applying the criteria of adequacy"
and "a doctor diagnosing an illness"?
an ethical theory other than ethical egoism - ✔✔Jack, an ethical egoist, wants to borrow money from his
friend, DeAndre, even though he has no intention of paying the money back. If DeAndre asks Jack for advice
on what ethical theory he should accept, what would Jack be likely to say?
appeal to the person - ✔✔The following argument commits the fallacy of - : A lot of older people in this
country do not favor legalizing marijuana. But it's clear that we should legalize marijuana, because if you look
at comprehensive surveys, most people of their generation actually smoked marijuana at some point.
, begging the question - ✔✔What fallacy is committed by the following argument?
1.There is a moral obligation not to end the life of a fetus.
2.Therefore, abortion is wrong.
begging the question - ✔✔What fallacy is committed by the following argument?
There is a moral obligation not to end the life of a fetus.
Therefore, abortion is wrong.
consistency w our considered judgments - ✔✔A moral theory which advocated seriously harming people
based on the color of their hair would be very dubious. Which criterion of adequacy would this theory fail to
meet?
consistency with considered moral judgments - ✔✔One criterion for evaluating scientific theories is
conservatism: how well a theory fits with what scientists already know. This is similar to the moral criterion of
adequacy called
contradictions - ✔✔A moral theory with multiple absolute principles inevitably runs into what problem?
correct - ✔✔In her ethics class, Jessica has studied many controversial issues like abortion. Jessica believes
that abortion is morally acceptable. If subjective relativism is true, then Jessica's belief is -
Descriptive Ethics - ✔✔A psychological study finds that people tend to ignore their society's moral code if
someone with authority over them commands them to do so. What is this study an example of?
Dominance of moral norms - ✔✔When a group of people say that a law should be changed because it is
immoral, what general idea are these people expressing?
Dunning-Kruger Effect - ✔✔Which of the following explains the "loud, proud folly you find on social media?"
Equivocation - ✔✔The following argument commits the fallacy of -
1. We are permitted to harm an innocent person if it is to prevent a real tragedy from taking place.
2. Our students' production is of the play Romeo and Juliet, which is a real tragedy.
3. Therefore, we are permitted to harm an innocent person to prevent our students' production of Romeo and
Juliet from taking place.
false - ✔✔According to emotivism, claims like "People generally approve of capital punishment" cannot be
true or false.
false - ✔✔According to moral objectivism, there are objective moral rules, all of which have no exceptions.
false - ✔✔Act-egoism and rule-egoism never agree on what action a person should do.
false - ✔✔By definition, a moral theory assumes that morality is objective.
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