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MCB 3020C Microbiology EXAM 1 Questions and Answers (Graded A)
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MCB 3020C Microbiology EXAM 1 Questions and Answers (Graded A)MCB 3020C Microbiology EXAM 1 Questions and Answers (Graded A)MCB 3020C Microbiology EXAM 1 Questions and Answers (Graded A)MCB 3020C Microbiology EXAM 1 Questions and Answers (Graded A)MCB 3020C Microbiology EXAM 1 Questions and Answers...

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  • August 3, 2024
  • 37
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • mcb 3020c microbiology exam 1 questions and answer
  • mcb 3020c microbiology exam1 answer
  • what are the two types of microbial cells answ

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MCB 3020C Microbiology EXAM 1 Questions
and Answers (Graded A)


What are the two types of microbial cells? - ANSWER - Prokaryotic and eukaryotic



What is the 3 domains that are based on the comparison of rRNA? - ANSWER - -Bacteria

-Archaea

-Eukarya



B.A.E.



Domain Bacteria - ANSWER - Has:



-peptidoglycan

-can have plasmids

-Can perform Horizontal Gene transfer (HGT)

-Beta (1,4) Glycosidic

-Hopanoids

-Nucleoid

-Can be Gram (+) or (-)

-Lacks a membrane-bound nucleus



Domain Archaea - ANSWER - Has:



-Unique rRNA

-Can have monolayer or bilayer plasma membrane

-Pseudomurein in cell wall

,-All have L-peptides

-Methanogenesis

-Hami = Hook

-Canulae

-could just have S-layer

-Beta (1,3) Glycosidic

-Lack peptidoglycan

-unique lipids



Domain Eukarya - ANSWER - Consists of Protists and Fungi:



*Generally larger than prokaryotes



Protists: W.A.S.P.



-Water Molds

-Algae

-Slime Molds

-Protozoa



Fungi:



*Macro & microorganisms



-Yeast=Unicellular

-Molds=Multicellular



SSU rRNA - ANSWER - small subunit ribosomal RNA

,-sequences of 16s &18s rRNA



What is the universal phylogenetic tree based off of? - ANSWER - -based on comparisons of SSU rRNA
(Small subunit rRNA)



-provides relatedness, but not time of divergence.



Which two domains evolved independently of the other domain? - ANSWER - Archaea & Eukarya
evolved independently of Bacteria



Which two domains diverged from a common ancestor? - ANSWER - Archaea &Eukarya



When comparing rRNA sequences between two organisms, their relatedness is represented by...? -
ANSWER - Percent Sequence Homology



-70% is cutoff value for species definition



Viruses - ANSWER - -Smallest of all microbes

-Requires host to replicate

-NON-LIVING

-causes range of disease, some cancers

-Virions is the complete virus

-transfers gene between bacteria and others



What are viroids and virusoids? - ANSWER - infectious agents composed of RNA



Prions - ANSWER - infectious proteins



-Proteinaceous infectious particles

, - causes a variety of degenerative diseases

a)scrapie in sheep

b)Bovine spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) or mad cow disease

c)Cruetzfeldt-jakob disease (CJD)

d)Kuru in humans



Definition of life: - ANSWER - -cells and organization

-response to environmental changes

-growth and development

-biological evolution

-energy use and metabolism

-regulation and homeostasis

-reproduction



LUCA - ANSWER - last universal common ancestor



Endosymbiotic Hypothesis - ANSWER - origin of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and hydrogenosomes from
endosymbiont



Steps in Endosymbiotic Hypothesis - ANSWER - -Ancestral Eukaryotic cell had lost cell wall

-Engulfment of an endosymbiont occurred

-Produced needed product such as ATP.

-Genome reduction occurs



What led to selected traits? - ANSWER - Mutations of genetic material.



Mosaic of Genetic Info - ANSWER - The new genes & genotypes that evolved

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