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delgado microbiology 211 final Questions And Answers Graded A+
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(they are ways of distributing pathogens) - What do septicemia, viremia, and toxemia have in common and I think the answer is none of the above 100 pathogens is enough to cause disease in 50% of the host population ID50 - measurement that is determined by the # of microbes required to give 50% o...

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  • August 3, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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delgado microbiology 211 final
(they are ways of distributing pathogens) - What do septicemia, viremia, and toxemia have in
common and I think the answer is none of the above



100 pathogens is enough to cause disease in 50% of the host population

ID50 - measurement that is determined by the # of microbes required to give 50% of a population the
disease - Pathogen X has an ID50 of 100, what does that mean



Acquisition of resistance - Spontaneous mutation - occurs when a mutation causes a bacteria to
become resistant to a particular antibiotic

Gene transfer → bacteria can exchange plasmids that contain resistance genes (R plasmids)

What are these examples of?



Antibody- dependent cellular - binding of several IgG antibodies signals the binding of a NK
(natural killer) cell



are all leukocytes - Neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil, macrophage



Artificially acquired immunity - same process except for the antigen is deliberately introduced by
injection, orally, or nasally (immunization)



Attenuated vaccines - weakened form of a microo or virus, can still replicate in the host

Robust I.R. due to the replication of the infectious agent-answe



attractant - chemical is desirable and the bacteria moves towards it



autoclave - uses wet heat/heated steam to kill pathogens



Autoimmune disease - when I.S. responds to self generated antigens

, Auxotroph - mutant cell that requires an additional growth factor



B memory cells - What cells are responsible for the secondary response of the adaptive immune
system



Bone marrow - where are B cells made?



chemotaxis - movement towards or away from a particular chemical



chronic infection - a sickness that lasts for months or years



cold - What is caused by a rhinovirus



DNA-mediated transformation - gets naked/section of DNA from environment



Domagk - German non-nazi that discovered sulfonamides



first line of defense - Epidermis of the skin

The normal flora of bacteria that are found on your body

Mucus membrane

Antimicrobial secretions produced by cells of the mucus membrane

All of the above



Fleming - discovered penicillin



frameshift mutation - when a nucleotide is inserted or removed from the DNA sequence all of the
codons after that point are shifted (moving the reading frame)

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