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Biology Genetics Graded A+
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Biology Genetics Graded A+ Trait Characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive. P Generation The parent organisms that are bred to make offspring so that scientists can study inheritance; P stands for "parental." Brainpower Read More F1 generation The first...

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  • August 3, 2024
  • 6
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • biology genetics graded a

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Biology Genetics Graded A+
Trait

Characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive.

P Generation

The parent organisms that are bred to make offspring so that scientists can study inheritance; P stands
for "parental."




Brainpower

Read More

F1 generation

The first offspring born from a parental (P generation) cross.




F2 generation

The offspring resulting from interbreeding (or self-pollination) of the F1 generation.




The Law of Segregation

Mendel's first law, stating that the two alleles in a pair segregate (separate from each other) into
different gametes during gamete formation.

Allele

Any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects. (For
example, wrinkled seeds or smooth seeds in a pea plant)

, Dominant Allele

An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote (for example, the big T in Tt). Only
need 1 copy of dominant allele to show dominant trait.

Recessive Allele

An allele whose phenotype is not expressed in a heterozygote (for example, the little r in Rr) - it is
"masked" or hidden. Need 2 copies of recessive allele to show recessive trait (rr).

Genotype

The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism. (Ex: PP, Pp or pp)




Phenotype

The EXPRESSED/observable physical and physiological traits of an organism, which are determined by its
genetic makeup.




Punnett Square

A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the predicted genotypic results of random
fertilization in genetic crosses between individuals of known genotype.




Homozygous

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