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AP Biology- Genetics

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AP Biology- Genetics 1. Character - Definition: A character is a heritable feature that can be observed in an organism. 2. Trait - Definition: A trait is any detectable variation of a specific character. 3. True-Breeding - Definition: True-breeding refers to plants that consistently pro...

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  • August 3, 2024
  • 5
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • ap biology genetics

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  • AP Biology- Genetics
  • AP Biology- Genetics
  • AP Biology- Genetics
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AP Biology- Genetics


1. Character

- Definition: A character is a heritable feature that can be observed in an organism.



2. Trait

- Definition: A trait is any detectable variation of a specific character.



3. True-Breeding

- Definition: True-breeding refers to plants that consistently produce offspring of the same variety
when self-pollinated.



4. Hybridization

- Definition: Hybridization is the process where an organism carries two different alleles for the same
gene.



5. P Generation

- Definition: The P generation is the parental generation used in genetic crosses.



6. F1 Generation

- Definition: The F1 generation, or first filial generation, consists of the hybrid offspring resulting from
the P generation.



7. F2 Generation

- Definition: The F2 generation, known as the second filial generation, is produced through the self-
pollination of F1 hybrids.



8. Alleles

- Definition: Alleles are various forms of a gene that can occupy a specific locus on a chromosome.

, 9. Punnett Square

- Definition: A Punnett Square is a graphical tool used to predict the allele composition of offspring
from a genetic cross between individuals with known genotypes.



10. Homozygous

- Definition: An organism is described as homozygous when it has a pair of identical alleles for a
particular character.



11. Heterozygous

- Definition: An organism is heterozygous if it possesses two different alleles for a specific gene.



12. Phenotype

- Definition: The phenotype refers to the visible traits or characteristics displayed by an organism.



13. Genotype

- Definition: The genotype is the genetic constitution of an organism, determining its phenotype.



14. Law of Independent Assortment

- Definition: This law stipulates that the segregation of one pair of alleles occurs independently of the
segregation of other allele pairs during gamete formation.



15. Rules of Multiplication

- Definition: The rules of multiplication state that the probability of two or more independent events
occurring simultaneously is found by multiplying the probabilities of each individual event.



16. Rules of Addition

- Definition: According to the rules of addition, the probabilities of two or more mutually exclusive
events can be determined by summing their individual probabilities.



17. Incomplete Dominance

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