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AP Biology Genetics

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AP Biology Genetics Gregor Mendel and His Research on Inheritance 1. Who is Gregor Mendel? - Description: Mendel was an Austrian monk known for his pioneering quantitative studies of inheritance by using garden peas. 2. Why Did Mendel Choose Garden Peas? - Reasons: ...

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  • August 3, 2024
  • 11
  • 2024/2025
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  • ap biology genetics

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AP Biology Genetics


Gregor Mendel and His Research on Inheritance



1. Who is Gregor Mendel?

- Description: Mendel was an Austrian monk known for his pioneering quantitative studies of
inheritance by using garden peas.



2. Why Did Mendel Choose Garden Peas?

- Reasons:

- They exhibit alternate traits.

- They are true-breeding.

- They are small and easy to cultivate.

- Their fertilization can be easily controlled.



3. Mendel's Experimental Methodology:

- Steps:

1. Allowed plants to self-fertilize over many generations to produce true-breeding lines.

2. Crossed true-breeding plants.

3. Allowed the F1 generation to self-fertilize.

4. Counted and analyzed the offspring.



4. Mendel's Conclusions from His Experiments:

- Key Points:

- Traits are determined by "factors" (now known as genes).

- Each organism possesses two factors for each trait.

- These factors are inherited from both parents.

- Gametes carry only a single factor from each parent.

- Any gamete has an equal chance of carrying either factor.

, ### Key Genetic Terms and Concepts



5. Allele

- Definition: An alternative form of a gene.

- Example: For the gene determining flower color, possible alleles include purple or white.



6. Character

- Definition: A heritable feature that varies among individuals.



7. Trait

- Definition: A specific variant of a character.



8. Locus

- Definition: The specific location of a gene on a chromosome.



9. Dominant Allele

- Definition: An allele that expresses its trait if present in the genotype.

- Examples: Genotypes like RR, Rr, or rR include a dominant allele.



10. Recessive Allele

- Definition: An allele that is overshadowed by a dominant allele and can only manifest if the
dominant allele is absent.

- Example: rr is a homozygous recessive genotype.



11. Genotype

- Definition: The genetic constitution of an organism regarding a specific trait.

- Examples: Possible genotypes include RR, Rr, rR, and rr.

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