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Molecular Biology and Genetics

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Molecular Biology and Genetics Genetics the scientific study of heredity and variation Heredity the transmission of traits from one generation to the next Brainpower Read More Gregor Mendel Father of Genetics; Studied inheritance of traits in pea plants. He found that plants' offspr...

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  • August 3, 2024
  • 12
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • molecular biology and genetics

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  • Molecular Biology and Genetics
  • Molecular Biology and Genetics
  • Molecular Biology and Genetics
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Genetics

the scientific study of heredity and variation

Heredity

the transmission of traits from one generation to the next

Brainpower

Read More

Gregor Mendel

Father of Genetics; Studied inheritance of traits in pea plants. He found that plants' offspring retained
traits of the parent

particulate inheritance

Mendel stated that physical traits are inherited as "particles"

Trait

any characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring

Alleles

alternative forms of a gene

Dominant

stronger of the two genes expressed in the hybrid; represented by a capital letter

Recessive

gene that shows up less often in a cross; represented by a lower case

Genotype

gene/allele combination for a trait (e.g. RR, Rr, rr)

Phenotype

the physical feature resulting from a genotype (e.g red, white)

Homozygous

gene combination involving two dominant or two recessive genes (e.g RR or rr); also called pure or true
breed

Heterozygous

gene combination of one dominant and one recessive allele (e.g Rr); also called as hybrid

, Monohybrid cross

a cross involving single trait (e.g. flower color)

Dihybrid cross

cross involving two traits (e.g. flower color and plant height)

Punnett Square

A square diagram named after Reginald C. Punnett used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or
breeding experiment

Parental P1 Generation

the parental generation in a breeding experiment.
PPxpp

F1 generation

the first generation offspring in a breeding experiment (1st filial generation)

F2 generation

Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.

P1 Monohybrid Cross
Homozygous dominant x Homozygous recessive RR x rr

Offspring is all Heterozygous (Hybrids)
Offspring is called F1 generation
Genotypic and Phenotypic ratio are ALL ALIKE




F1 monohybrid cross
Heterozygous x Heterozygous
Rr x Rr

Offspring:
25% Homozygous dominant RR
50% Heterozygous Rr
25% Homozygous recessive rr
Offspring is called F2 generation
Genotypic ratio: 1:2:1
Phenotypic ratio: 3:1

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