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Genetics Verified Solutions

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Genetics Verified Solutions Key Genetic Concepts and Terms 1. Genetics - Definition: The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics. 2. Heredity - Definition: The transmission of traits from one generation to the next. 3. Trait - Definition: A specific characteri...

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  • August 3, 2024
  • 7
  • 2024/2025
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Genetics Verified Solutions
Key Genetic Concepts and Terms



1. Genetics

- Definition: The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.



2. Heredity

- Definition: The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.



3. Trait

- Definition: A specific characteristic that varies between individuals.



4. Gene

- Definition: A sequence of DNA that encodes a protein, thereby determining a trait.



5. Genome

- Definition: The complete set of genetic instructions in the DNA of an organism, essentially its entire
"library" of genes.



6. Gregor Mendel

- Definition: Known as the father of genetics for his foundational work in the study of inheritance using
pea plants.



7. Allele

- Definition: An alternative form of a gene located at a specific position on a chromosome; each allele
is represented as a letter (e.g., A or a).



8. Dominant Allele

- Definition: An allele that produces the same phenotype in either a homozygous or heterozygous pair
(represented by a capital letter, e.g., A).

, 9. Recessive Allele

- Definition: An allele that only expresses its phenotype when paired with an identical allele
(represented by a lowercase letter, e.g., a).



10. Genotype

- Definition: The combination of alleles located on homologous chromosomes that defines a specific
trait (e.g., Bb).



11. Phenotype

- Definition: The observable physical or biochemical traits of an organism, as determined by its
genotype (e.g., brown eyes).



12. Homozygous

- Definition: An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait (e.g., BB or bb).



13. Heterozygous

- Definition: An organism that has two different alleles for a specific trait (e.g., Bb).



14. Punnett Square

- Definition: A diagram used to predict the genetic combinations that could result from a genetic
cross.



15. Gamete (Sex Cell)

- Definition: Specialized reproductive cells involved in sexual reproduction (e.g., sperm or egg cells).



16. Probability

- Definition: The likelihood of different genotypic or phenotypic outcomes expressed as a percentage
or ratio.

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