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GRADED A+ 2024 BIO 1108 (HERRICK) EXAM 2 WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
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GRADED A+ 2024 BIO 1108 (HERRICK) EXAM 2 WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
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GRADED A+ 2024 BIO 1108(HERRICK) EXAM 2 WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
what is the photosynthesis equation? - CORRECT-ANSWERSCO2 + H2O --->
C6H12O6 + CO2
steps of the Calvin cycle - CORRECT-ANSWERS1. carboxylation
2. reduction
3. regeneration
why does CO2 uptake result in water loss? - CORRECT-ANSWERSwhen
stomata open, water vapor escapes (water vapor molecules diffuse into
areas of lower concentration)
transpiration - CORRECT-ANSWERSloss of water vapor from leaves
stomata - CORRECT-ANSWERSpores in epidermis that allows CO2 to diffuse
into the leaf; consists of two guard cells surrounding a central pore; guard
cells can shrink or swell controlling opening
CAM plants (photosynthesis adaptation) - CORRECT-ANSWERSCAM
photosynthesis; use nocturnal CO2 storage to avoid water loss during the
day for plants who live in arid climates
C4 plants (photosynthesis adaptation) - CORRECT-ANSWERSsuppress
photorespiration by increasing the concentration of CO2 in the immediate
vicinity of rubisco
-do this by initially capturing CO2 in mesophyll cells by means of PEP
carboxylase which produces a 4-carbon organic acid that diffuse through
plasmodesmsts into bundle sheaths
-once inside, 4-carbon compounds are decarboxylated, releasing CO2
-cycle is completed as a 3-carbon molecule diffuses back into mesophyll cells
-operates faster than calvin cycle
-includes: pineapple, corn, sugarcane, wheat
parenchyma - CORRECT-ANSWERSundifferentiated, thin-walled cells in the
interior; compose most of interior
,phloem - CORRECT-ANSWERSdifferentiated vascular tissue; between xylem
and vascualr bundle; transports carbohydrates from leaves to the rest of the
plant body
xylem - CORRECT-ANSWERSdifferentiated DEAD vascular tissue; on the
interior, transports water from roots to the leaves
treachery elements - CORRECT-ANSWERSpart of xylem: tracheids and vessel
elements
photosynthesis - CORRECT-ANSWERSbiochemical process for building
carbohydrates using energy from sunlight and carbon dioxide taken from the
air
reduction (in photosynthesis) - CORRECT-ANSWERSmolecules acquires
electrons and gains energy
oxidation - CORRECT-ANSWERSmolecules loses electrons and releases
energy
what is being reduced in the photosynthesis equation? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSCO2 ---> C6H12O6
what is being oxidized in the photosynthesis equation? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSH2O ---> O2
who is the electron donor? - CORRECT-ANSWERSwater; oxygen is
transformed as a by product
photosynthetic electron transport chain - CORRECT-ANSWERSseries of
reactions that links oxidation of water to reduction of carbon dioxide
where is the electron transport chain located? - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe
thylakoid membrane
where does the light cycle occur? - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe grana
calvin cycle - CORRECT-ANSWERSsugars are synthesized from CO2
calvin cycle requires: - CORRECT-ANSWERStwo molecules of NADH and three
molecules of ATP for each CO2 incorporated into carbohydrates
carboxylation - CORRECT-ANSWERSCO2 +(rubisco)+ RuBP = 2(3-PGA)
, -the addition of CO2 to the 5-carbon compound RuBP
rubisco - CORRECT-ANSWERScatalyzes carboxylation reaction which
originally would take a long time
reduction (in Calvin cycle) - CORRECT-ANSWERS3-PGA---(ATP and NAPH)---->
triode phosphate
-NADPH transfers two electrons and one proton; inorganic phosphate is
released
regeneration - CORRECT-ANSWERStriose phosphate -------(ATP)----> RuBP ---
> beginning of cycle
-(regeneration of RuBP) a multistep process where 3-carbon compounds are
reorganized and combined to produce RuBP
light reaction - CORRECT-ANSWERSwater is broken apart in the chlorophyll
molecule into H+ and OH- ions in the presence of light, resulting in the
formation of NADPH and ATP
photosystems - CORRECT-ANSWERSPSI and PSII; protein-pigmented
complexes; the functional and structural unit that absorbs light energy and
uses it to drive electron transport
chlorophyll light absorption - CORRECT-ANSWERSz-scheme; absorption of
visible light by an antenna chlorophyll results in the transfer of energy to an
electron in a neighboring chlorophyll molecule
reaction center - CORRECT-ANSWERSconfigured pair of chlorophyll molecules
where energy is transfered to, then converted to chemical energy (from
antennae chlorophyll)
PSII - CORRECT-ANSWERSenergizes electrons to the beginning go the
electron transport chain; when it loses an electron, it is able to pull electrons
from water
PSI - CORRECT-ANSWERSenergizes electrons with a second input of light
energy so that they can be used to reduce NADP+
cytochrome-b6f complex - CORRECT-ANSWERSwhere electrons pass between
photosystems
cyclic electron transport - CORRECT-ANSWERSelectrons from PSI are
redirected from ferredoxin back into the electron transport chain
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