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Domain 2 Clinical Evaluation and Diagnosis Special Tests NATA BOC Goniometry Pathophysiology and Patho BOC Questions and Answers CA$19.97   Add to cart
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Domain 2 Clinical Evaluation and Diagnosis Special Tests NATA BOC Goniometry Pathophysiology and Patho BOC Questions and Answers
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Pain types ~ Nerve pain sharp, bright, burning. Bone painpiercing and localized Vascular painaching, poorly localized, and referred. Muscle pain dull, aching, and referred. Pain stops during activities chronic inflammation Pain increases in joint throughout the day progressive edema. Endp...

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  • August 4, 2024
  • 99
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • domain 2 clinical evaluation and diagnosis specia

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  • BOC
  • BOC

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Domain 2 Clinical
Evaluation and Diagnosis
Special Tests NATA BOC
Goniometry
Pathophysiology and
Patho BOC Questions and
Answers
Pain types


✓~ Nerve pain➖ sharp, bright, burning.

Bone pain➖piercing and localized

Vascular pain➖aching, poorly localized, and referred.

Muscle pain➖ dull, aching, and referred.

Pain stops during activities ➖ chronic inflammation

Pain increases in joint throughout the day➖ progressive edema.




Endpoints

,✓~ Normal➖ soft tissue: soft and spongy, painless, gradual stop. Capsular: abrupt, hard,

firm with a little give. Bone to Bone: distinct and abrupt, two hard surfaces come into contact.

Muscular: springy feel with some discomfort.

Abnormal➖ empty feel: movement beyond abnormal limit, pain before end of ROM

(complete ligament rupture). Spasm: involuntary muscle contraction that prevents motion

due to pain (guarding, back spasm). Loose: extreme hyper mobility (sprained ankle). Springy

block: rebound at end point ( meniscus tear).




Manual muscle testing


✓~ Normal 5 Complete ROM against gravity with maximal resistance

Good 4 Complete ROM against gravity with moderate resistance

Fair + 3 + Complete ROM against gravity with minimal resistance

Fair 3 Complete ROM against gravity with no resistance

Fair - 3 - Some, but not complete, ROM against gravity

Poor + 2 + Initiates motion against gravity

Poor 2 Complete ROM with some assistance and gravity eliminated

Poor - 2 - Initiates motion if gravity is eliminated

Trace 1 Evidence of slight muscular contraction; no joint motion

Zero 0 No muscle contraction palpated




Cranial Nerves

,✓~ 1-Olfactory: smell

2-Optic: vision

3-Oculomotor: eye movement

4-Trochlear: inferior and lateral eye movement

5-Trigeminal: sensation of the face and mastication

6-Abducens: lateral eye movement

7-Facial: facial expressions, taste

8-Vestibulecochlear: hearing and equilibrium

9-Glossopharyngeal: swallowing, salivation, and gag reflex

10-Vagus: swallowing and speech

11-Accessory: swallowing, sternocleidomastoid

12-Hypoglossal: tongue movement.




Neurological exam


✓~ Cerebral➖ questions that assess level of consciousness, intellectual performance,

emotional status, thought content, sensory, and language skills.

Cerebellar➖ coordination (finger to nose, heel toe walking)


Sensory Testing➖ peripheral nerves. Dermatomes (area of skin activated by a

single nerve). Myotomes (muscle group or a muscle innervated by a specific motor

nerve)


Reflex Testing➖ deep tendon (stimulation of stretch reflex and results in involuntary

muscle contraction when tendon is stretched) superficial (skin stimulation at specific

sites which produce muscle contraction)

, Inflammatory process


✓~ Inflammatory response, fibroblastic repair, maturationremodeling phase




Inflammatory response


✓~ Redness (rumor), swelling (tumor), tenderness (dolor), increased temperature (calor),

loss of function (functio laesa).

This is critical to the entire process.




Fibroblastic repair


✓~ Healing of proliferative and regenerative activity leading to scar formation and repair.

Scar formation begins within the first few days and lasts as long as 4-6 weeks. May be

tender to touch.




Maturation Remodeling phase


✓~ A long term process. Realignment/ remodeling of cologne fibers that make up scar

tissue. May require several years to complete.




What is a clot made out of?


✓~ Fibrin




Edema

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