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NR 325- Exam 2_ vison, hearing 7 nuero (1)
NR 325- Exam 2_ vison, hearing 7 nuero (1)
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NR 325- Exam 2/ vison, hearing 7 nueroP- pupils
E- equal or same size
R- round
R- reactive to light/ eyes should constrict with light A- accommodation- far away dilate and move
near should constrict - ANS-PERRLA
inability to accommodate for objects at a distance - ANS-Myopia( near sighted)
inablility to accommodate for objects for a near objects - ANS-Hyperopia( farsighted)
not able to accommodate - ANS-Presbyopia
irregular curvature of cornea or lens - ANS-Astigmatism
absence of the lens of the eye, could be genetic or internal taking out - ANS-Aphakia
-double vision is main complaint
-unable to focus two eyes simulataneously
In adults it can be related to thyroid disease, nueromuscular problems of eye muscles
- EOM's are what detect it - ANS-Strabismus
-clouding of the lens
-Trauma, congenital, medication
-Clinical Manifestation- decrease in vision, abnormal color perceptions, glare, blurry vision,
pressure could develop
- nonsurgical and surgical options
Non-surgical or surgical options to fix - ANS-Cataracts
-A micro-vascular disease caused by complication of DM and HTN
-painless
-risk factors - severe myopia, age, eye trauma, cataracts surgery
-Clinical manifestations-light flashes, floaters, once detaches there is a loss of peripheral and
central vision" like a curtain" across the field of vision
-Retinal specialist and surgical options - ANS-Retinopathy
-Most common cause of blindness. Central vision is loss, peripheral vision is intact.
-Wet- Exudative- most severe
-dry- nonexudative
-middle loss 1st and moves outer parts of the eye, central vision loss
, Clinical Manifestations- central vision loss, blurred darkened, vision, Blind spots in visual field,
visual distortion
Care
vision does not improve, medication in some, vitamin supplements, smoking cessation
psycho social issues - ANS-Macular Degenerations
-Painful
-increased intraocular pressure
-group of symptoms increased IOP, optic nerve, atrophy, peripheral vision loss
-not a proper balance between rate of aqueous production( inflow and rate of re
absorption(outflow)
Two Kinds-
- Primary- most common, the outflow of aqueous humor is decreased in the trabecular
meshwork and drainage channels become clogged
-Angle-Closure glaucoma(PACG), angle-closure decreases the flow of the aqueous humor,
caused by age, pupil dilation or drug induced
Pressures for eyes-
Normal 10-21 mm Hg
Open-angle- 22-32 mm Hg
Acute angle- closure- >50 mm Hg(emergency)
Clinical manifestations- gradual or acute, halos, pain, blurred vision, redness
Treatment is laser repair - ANS-Glaucoma
ear pain - ANS-otalgia
-disorder of inner ear causing vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss
- Symptoms are fluctuating hearing loss, nausea, vomiting, balance issues, dizziness, fall risk -
ANS-Meniere's disease
brain and spinal cord - ANS-Central Nervous System (CNS)
Sympathetic- SNS- Fight or Flight-"can't see, can't pee, can't poop because running from the
bear"
Parasympathetic- PNS- Rest and Digest-SLUDGE- Can see, can pee, can poop" -
ANS-Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
-Fluid, produced by ventricles, found within Spinal Cord and in covering surrounding CNS
-Clear and colorless, 100-150 ml of fluid that should stay stable
-NO RBC, minimal WBC but glucose is present - ANS-Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)
-Done for Meningitis, stroke, contraindicated in increase of ICP.
-Ask about anticoagulants may increase risk issues,
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