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APSC 151 Geology Final 2018 Questions And Answers
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what isn't known about saturn ~ no one knows how long a day on saturn is what is necessary to be considered a planet ~ 1. a planet orbits the sun directly 2. a planet is large enough to have formed a spherical shape 3. a planet has cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit (this omits pluto a...

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  • August 5, 2024
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APSC 151 Geology Final 2018
Questions And Answers

What are the 4 spheres? And define them


✓✓✓✓~ Hydrosphere - oceans, glacial ice, freshwater

Atmosphere - air
Biosphere - living things
Geosphere - rocks, landforms and earth's interior




What is uniformitarianism?


✓✓✓✓~ If it is happening now, it has happened before and it will happen again. Things
happen slowly




What is catastrophism?


✓✓✓✓~ One big sudden change, only true for meteor impacts. Shaping earth's landscape
by catastrophes




Talk about Earth as a system


✓✓✓✓~ - Four systems are linked through their interactions

- Is powered by energy from the sun and heat from earth's interior

,- Humans are part of this system, our actions produce large scale changes in all

four spheres




What is physical geology?


✓✓✓✓~ Study of earth materials to understand processes that operate on and beneath its
surface




What is historical geology?


✓✓✓✓~ Study of the origin of the earth and its development through time




What is the Big Bang Theory?


✓✓✓✓~ Large explosion that sent all matter in the universe flying outwards at incredible
speeds




What is the nebular hypothesis?


✓✓✓✓~ Bodies in the solar system evolved from solar nebula




How are protosun and protoplanets formed?


✓✓✓✓~ Formed by contracting, slowly spiraling nebula




What happened 4.6-4.3 BYA

,✓✓✓✓~ - matter congeals enough to form the earth

- the earth will now be bombarded by various rocks from space


- moon forms from collison




What happened in the hadeon eon?


✓✓✓✓~ - 4.3 - 3.8 BYA

- unstable crust forms


- there was no life


- iron is pulled to core


- lighter elements to the surface




What happened in the archaen eon?


✓✓✓✓~ - 3.8 - 2.5 BYA

- Constant volcanic activity


- No continents


- Atmosphere full of methane and devoid of oxygen


- oceans are acidic and full of dissolved iron


- Bacteria form and create oxygen

, What are the types of seismic waves?


✓✓✓✓~ P waves, S waves, surface waves




What are the layers of the earth?


✓✓✓✓~ - crust (solid)

- mantle (plastic solid)


- core (liquid outer, solid inner)




What is the rock cycle?


✓✓✓✓~ the rock cycle is a loop where one type of rock changes to another. Rocks
constantly form, change and re-form over long spans of time




Steps of the rock cycle


✓✓✓✓~ 1. Molten magma becomes igneous rock

2. Weathering creates sediments


3. Sediments lithify into sedimentary rock


4. Burial and heat produce metamorphic rock


5. More heat then start over

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