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SLCC Pathophysiology Unit 10 Neurologic System Questions and Answers 100% Solved
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SLCC Pathophysiology Unit 10 Neurologic System
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SLCC Pathophysiology Unit 10Neurologic System
Hypoxia - answerA deprivation of oxygen, but still maintains blood flow to the brain.
Ischemia - answerA deprivation of oxygen caused by a greatly reduced or interrupted
blood flow.
LOC in descending function - answer•Alert and oriented
•Confused and disorganized
•Lethargy [oriented but slowed motor and speech]
•Obtundation [needs continuous stimuli to maintain arousal]
•Stopor [vocalization to pain, has decreased motor movement]
•Coma [does not respond appropriately to stimuli. No verbal response]
Cerebral death - answerA irreversible coma or persistent vegetative state
Brain death - answerAbsent cerebral function and unable to maintain physiologic
homeostasis
Cognition - answerMeans thinking skills that include awareness, language calculation
and memory
Dementia - answerOrganic brain degeneration, progressive, untreatable, irreversible
decline in Mental function
Delusion - answerFalse belief brought about without appropriate external stimuli
[unrelated to reality]
Delirium - answerAcute reversible state of agitated confusion. Disoriented to time and
place with hallucinations [usually symptomatic of a disease and is reversible with
treatment of the disease]. Can be caused by a high fever.
GSC
(Glasgow Coma Score) - answerThis scale helps to gauge the impact of a wide variety
of conditions affecting the PATIENT'S LOC such as Acute brain damage due to
•Trauma
•Vascular injuries
•Infections
•Hypoxia
, •Metabolic disorders (Renal failure, liver failure, hypoglycemia, or DKA)
Pathologic Posturing - answerTo painful stimuli indicates serious brain damage
[decorticate and decerebrate posturing].
DECORTICATE - answerPosturing indicates that there may be damage to the cerebral
hemispheres, and possibly midbrain. [Limbs "Point to the Core" of the body]
DECEREBRATE - answerPosturing is usually indicative of more severe damage
indicating a lesion lower in the brainstem. [Hands point away away from body = "Brain
has gone away"]
FLACCID PARALYSIS - answerCharacterized by limp [floppy] unresponsive muscles
IICP
(Increased Intracranial Pressure) - answerA serious medical problem. The pressure
itself can damage the brain or spinal cord by pressing on important brain structures and
by restricting blood flow into the brain causing ischemia and tissue necrosis.
IICP causes - answerA rise in cerebrospinal fluid pressure; increased pressure within
the brain matter; bleeding into the brain or into the fluid around the brain; swelling within
the brain matter itself.
EARLY signs of IICP - answer•Decreased LOC
•Pupil changes: PERRLA
•Vision abnormalities [Brain swelling puts pressure on the optic & oculomotor nerves]
•Headache
•Vomiting [pressure on the vagal nerve]
•Nuchal rigidity [stiff neck]
LATE signs of IICP - answerBrain herniation is imminent
•Impaired reflexes [corneal, gag, and swallowing]
•Papilledema [optic disc swelling]
•Abnormal posturing - Decorticate/Decerebrate
●Cushing'sTriad
•Hypertension
•Bradycardia
•Hypoventilation
CUSHING'S TRIAD - answerVital signs changes seen in IICP indicating pressure on the
brain stem.
☆Hypertension [WIDENING PULSE PRESSURE- the difference between the Systolic
and Diastolic BP increases]
☆Bradycardia [reflexive slowing of the heart to compensate for increased BP]
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